Plants experience low phosphorus (P) and high iron (Fe) levels in acidic lowland soils that lead to reduced crop productivity. A better understanding of the relationship between these two stresses at molecular and physiological level will lead to development of suitable strategies to increase crop productivity in such poor soils. Tolerance for most abiotic stresses including P deficiency and Fe toxicity is a quantitative trait in rice. Recent studies in the areas of physiology, genetics, and overall metabolic pathways in response to P deficiency of rice plants have improved our understanding of low P tolerance. Phosphorous uptake and P use efficiency are the two key traits for improving P deficiency tolerance. In the case of Fe toxicity tolerance, QTLs have been reported but the identity and role played by underlying genes is just emerging. Details pertaining to Fe deficiency tolerance in rice are well worked out including genes involved in Fe sensing and uptake. But, how rice copes with Fe toxicity is not clearly understood. This review focuses on the progress made in understanding these key environmental stresses. Finally, an opinion on the key genes which can be targeted for this stress is provided.

植物在酸性低地土壤中遇到低磷（P）和高铁（Fe）的情况，这导致农作物生产力下降。在分子和生理水平上对这两种胁迫之间关系的更好理解将导致开发出合适的策略来提高这种贫瘠土壤中的作物生产力。对大多数非生物胁迫的耐受性，包括磷缺乏和铁毒性是水稻的数量性状。水稻对磷缺乏的生理，遗传和整体代谢途径的最新研究提高了我们对低磷耐受性的理解。磷的吸收和磷的利用效率是提高磷缺乏耐受性的两个关键性状。关于铁的毒性耐受性，已经报道了QTL，但是基础基因的身份和作用才刚刚出现。与水稻中的铁缺乏耐受性有关的细节已得到很好的解决，包括涉及铁感测和吸收的基因。但是，尚不清楚水稻如何应对铁的毒性。这篇综述着重于在理解这些主要环境压力方面取得的进展。最后，对可以针对这种压力的关键基因提供了意见。