NADPH-oxidase (NOX) mediated superoxide originally found on leukocytes, but now recognized in several types of cells in the brain. It has been shown to play an important role in the progression of stroke and related cerebrovascular disease. NOX is a multisubunit complex consisting of 2 membrane-associated and 4 cytosolic subunits. NOX activation occurs when cytosolic subunits translocate to the membrane, leading to transport electrons to oxygen, thus producing superoxide. Superoxide produced by NOX is thought to function in long-term potentiation and intercellular signaling, but excessive production is damaging and has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of ischemic brain. Thus, inhibition of NOX activity may prove to be a promising treatment for ischemic brain as well as an adjunctive agent to prevent its secondary complications. There is mounting evidence that NOX inhibition in the ischemic brain is neuroprotective, and targeting NOX in circulating immune cells will also improve outcome. This review will focus on therapeutic effects of NOX assembly inhibitors in brain ischemia and stroke. However, the lack of specificity and toxicities of existing inhibitors are clear hurdles that will need to be overcome before this class of compounds could be translated clinically.

中文翻译：

---

NOX抑制剂-缺血性卒中的有希望的大道。

NADPH氧化酶（NOX）介导的超氧化物最初在白细胞上发现，但现在在脑中的几种类型的细胞中都可以识别。已经显示它在中风和相关脑血管疾病的进展中起重要作用。NOX是一个多亚基复合物，由2个与膜相关的亚基和4个胞质亚基组成。当胞质亚基转运至膜时，NOX活化发生，从而将电子转运至氧气，从而产生超氧化物。由NOX产生的超氧化物被认为在长期增强和细胞间信号转导中起作用，但是过量产生具有破坏性，并被暗示在缺血性脑的发展中起重要作用。因此，抑制NOX活性可能被证明是缺血性脑的一种有前途的治疗方法，同时也是预防其继发性并发症的辅助剂。越来越多的证据表明，缺血性脑中的NOX抑制具有神经保护作用，在循环免疫细胞中靶向NOX也可以改善结局。这篇综述将集中在NOX组装抑制剂在脑缺血和中风中的治疗作用。但是，现有抑制剂缺乏特异性和毒性是明显的障碍，在将这类化合物进行临床翻译之前，需要克服这些障碍。这篇综述将集中在NOX组装抑制剂在脑缺血和中风中的治疗作用。但是，现有抑制剂缺乏特异性和毒性是明显的障碍，在将这类化合物进行临床翻译之前，需要克服这些障碍。这篇综述将集中在NOX组装抑制剂在脑缺血和中风中的治疗作用。但是，现有抑制剂缺乏特异性和毒性是明显的障碍，在将这类化合物进行临床翻译之前，需要克服这些障碍。