Structural variation (SV) is a type of genetic variation identified through the comparison of genome structures which often have direct and significant associations with phenotypic variations. Building on the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, research on plant structural variations are gaining momentum and have revolutionized our view on the functional impact of the 'hidden' diversity that were largely understudied before. Herein, we first describe the current state of plant genomic SV research based on NGS and in particular focus on the biological insights gained from the large-scale identification of various types of plant SVs. Specific examples are chosen to demonstrate the genetic basis for phenotype diversity in model plant and major agricultural crops. Additionally, development of new genomic mapping technologies, including optical mapping and long read sequencing, as well as improved computational algorithms associated with these technologies have helped to pinpoint the exact nature and location of genomic SVs with much better resolution and precision. Future direction of plant research on SVs should focus on the population level to build a comprehensive catalog of SVs, leading to full assessment of their impact on biological diversity.

中文翻译：

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编目植物基因组结构变异。

结构变异（SV）是通过比较基因组结构确定的一种遗传变异，通常与表型变异有直接和显着的关联。在下一代测序 (NGS) 技术的基础上，对植物结构变异的研究正在获得动力，并彻底改变了我们对“隐藏”多样性的功能影响的看法，而这在以前很大程度上被低估了。在这里，我们首先描述了基于 NGS 的植物基因组 SV 研究的现状，特别关注从大规模鉴定各种类型的植物 SV 中获得的生物学见解。选择具体的例子来证明模式植物和主要农作物表型多样性的遗传基础。此外，开发新的基因组作图技术，包括光学作图和长读长测序，以及与这些技术相关的改进计算算法，有助于以更好的分辨率和精度查明基因组 SV 的确切性质和位置。未来对 SVs 的植物研究方向应着眼于种群水平，建立一个全面的 SVs 目录，从而全面评估其对生物多样性的影响。