In recent decades, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was developed and brought biology into a new era. Rice, maize, wheat, sorghum and barley are the most important cereal crops and feed most of the world's population. Great progress in the study of cereal genomes has been made with the help of NGS. Reference genome sequence assembly and re-sequencing have grown exponentially. Thus, evolution and comparative genomics are renewed, including origin verification, evolution tracking and so on. In this review, we briefly record the development of sequencing technology, the comparison of next-generation sequencing methods and platforms and summarize the bioinformatics tools used for NGS data analysis. We describe how NGS accelerates reference genome assembly and new evolutionary findings. We finally discuss how to discover more valuable resources and improve cereal breeding in the future.

中文翻译：

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下一代测序促进了参考基因组的释放并发现了谷物作物中的基因组进化。

近几十年来，新一代测序 (NGS) 的发展将生物学带入了一个新时代。水稻、玉米、小麦、高粱和大麦是最重要的谷类作物，为世界上大多数人口提供食物。在NGS的帮助下，谷物基因组的研究取得了很大进展。参考基因组序列组装和重新测序呈指数增长。因此，进化和比较基因组学被更新，包括起源验证、进化追踪等。在这篇综述中，我们简要记录了测序技术的发展，下一代测序方法和平台的比较，总结了用于NGS数据分析的生物信息学工具。我们描述了 NGS 如何加速参考基因组组装和新的进化发现。