The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) method has been dramatically changing the field of genome engineering. It is a rapid, highly efficient and versatile tool for precise modification of genome that uses a guide RNA (gRNA) to target Cas9 to a specific sequence. This novel RNA-guided genome-editing technique has become a revolutionary tool in biomedical science and has many innovative applications in different fields. In this review, we briefly introduce the Cas9-mediated genome-editing tool, summarize the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology to engineer the genomes of a wide variety of organisms, and discuss their applications to treatment of fungal and viral disease. We also discuss advantageous of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to drug design, creation of animal model, and to food, agricultural and energy sciences. Adoption of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in biomedical and biotechnological researches would create innovative applications of it not only for breeding of strains exhibiting desired traits for specific industrial and medical applications, but also for investigation of genome function.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR介导的基因组工程及其在工业中的应用。

CRISPR（成簇的定期间隔短回文重复序列）-Cas9（CRISPR 相关核酸酶 9）方法已经极大地改变了基因组工程领域。它是一种快速、高效和多功能的基因组精确修饰工具，使用引导 RNA (gRNA) 将 Cas9 靶向特定序列。这种新颖的 RNA 引导的基因组编辑技术已成为生物医学科学的革命性工具，并在不同领域具有许多创新应用。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了 Cas9 介导的基因组编辑工具，总结了 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在改造多种生物的基因组方面的最新进展，并讨论了它们在治疗真菌和病毒疾病中的应用。我们还讨论了 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在药物设计、动物模型创建和食品方面的优势，农业和能源科学。在生物医学和生物技术研究中采用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术将创造其创新应用，不仅可以用于培育具有特定工业和医学应用所需性状的菌株，还可以用于基因组功能的研究。