Mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens that have macrophages as their main host cells. However, macrophages are also the primary line of defense against invading microorganisms. To survive in the intracellular compartment, virulent mycobacteria have developed several strategies to modulate the activation and the effector functions of macrophages. Despite this, antigen-specific T cells develop during infection. While T cell responses are critical for protection they can also contribute to the success of mycobacteria as human pathogens, as immunopathology associated with these responses facilitates transmission. Here, we provide a brief overview of different immune-evasion strategies of mycobacteria and their impact on the protective immune response. This understanding will further our knowledge in host-pathogen interactions and may provide critical insights for the development of novel host-specific therapies.

中文翻译：

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分枝杆菌的免疫逃避策略及其对保护性免疫反应的影响。

分枝杆菌是以巨噬细胞为主要宿主细胞的细胞内病原体。然而，巨噬细胞也是抵御微生物入侵的主要防线。为了在细胞内室中生存，剧毒分枝杆菌已经开发出几种策略来调节巨噬细胞的活化和效应功能。尽管如此，抗原特异性 T 细胞仍会在感染期间发育。虽然 T 细胞反应对于保护至关重要，但它们也有助于分枝杆菌作为人类病原体的成功，因为与这些反应相关的免疫病理学有助于传播。在这里，我们简要概述了分枝杆菌的不同免疫逃避策略及其对保护性免疫反应的影响。