In the recent years, it has been noted that microorganisms with acquired resistance to almost all available potent antibiotics are increasing worldwide. Hence, the use of antibiotics in every clinical setup has to be organized to avoid irrational use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to establish the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and relevance of antimicrobial resistance in aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. A total of 103 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter koserii, Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from tertiary care centers around Chennai. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion test and study for genes of cephalosporin, carbapenem, and aminoglycoside resistance were done. A descriptive analysis of the data on altogether 103 clinical urine isolates was performed. All strains showed susceptibility to colistin. The frequency of genes encoding 16S rRNA methylases armA and rmtB were 7.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Among metallo-β-lactamases, bla_VIM, bla_IMP, and bla_NDM-1 were detected in 6.8%, 3.8%, and 3.8%, respectively. One E. coli strain harbored bla_SIM-1 gene. Cumulative analysis of data suggested that 30% of the strains carried more than one resistance gene. The current research evidenced the increasing frequency of resistance mechanisms in India. Combined approach of antibiotic restriction, effective surveillance, and good infection control practices are essential to overcome antibiotic resistance.

中文翻译：

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VIM，NDM和IMP产生金属-β-内酰胺酶的多药耐药革兰氏阴性病原菌中armA和rmtB基因的出现。

近年来，已经注意到，对几乎所有可用的有效抗生素具有抗性的微生物在世界范围内正在增加。因此，必须组织在每个临床设置中使用抗生素以避免不合理使用抗生素。这项研究的目的是建立好氧革兰氏阴性菌的抗生素敏感性模式和抗菌素耐药性的相关性。从钦奈附近的三级医疗中心收集了总共103种需氧革兰氏阴性细菌，即大肠杆菌，肺炎克雷伯菌，肠杆菌属，科氏柠檬酸杆菌，变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。进行了Kirby-Bauer磁盘扩散测试，并研究了头孢菌素，碳青霉烯和氨基糖苷耐药性的基因。对总共103个临床尿液分离株的数据进行了描述性分析。所有菌株均显示对粘菌素的敏感性。编码16S rRNA甲基化酶armA和rmtB的基因的频率分别为7.8％和6.8％。在金属β-内酰胺酶中，bla_VIM，bla _IMP和bla _NDM-1的检出率分别为6.8％，3.8％和3.8％。一种大肠杆菌菌株带有bla _SIM-1基因。数据的累积分析表明，有30％的菌株携带多个抗性基因。当前的研究证明了印度抵抗机制的频率在增加。限制抗生素，有效监测和良好感染控制措施相结合的方法对于克服抗生素耐药性至关重要。