Background: Children living at high altitude in San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), Argentina, were shown to have lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than Buenos Aires (BA) children. HDL antioxidant capacity is mainly attributed to paraoxonase1 (PON1).

Objective: To compare PON1 activity in indigenous SAC vs. BA children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study compared 158 SAC vs. 97 BA children (6–16 years). Anthropometric data and lipoprotein profile were measured. PON1 was evaluated employing paraoxon (PON) and phenylacetate (ARE) activity.

Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower in SAC than in BA children (18.3 vs. 30.9%). Triglycerides (1.34 vs. 0.90 mmol/l), apo B (0.84 vs.0.72 g/l), apo A-I (1.33 vs. 1.27 g/l), and ARE activity (100 vs. 90 µmol/ml/min) were higher, while HDL-C (1.16 vs. 1.32 mmol/l) and PON activity (170 vs. 203 nmol/ml/min) were lower in SAC than in BA. Separate multiple linear regression analyses showed that SAC children had significantly higher triglyceride (Beta −0.38), apo B (Beta −0.34), and ARE (Beta −0.36) plus lower HDL-C (Beta 0.33) and PON (Beta 0.25) compared with BA; adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.

Conclusion: SAC showed an unfavorable lipoprotein profile, lower PON and higher ARE activities compared with BA children, suggesting the presence of altered HDL metabolism and antioxidant capacity.

背景：生活在阿根廷圣安东尼奥·德·洛斯科布雷斯（SAC）的儿童，其高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平低于布宜诺斯艾利斯（BA）的儿童。HDL的抗氧化能力主要归因于对氧磷酶1（PON1）。

目的：比较本地SAC和BA儿童的PON1活性。

方法：一项横断面研究比较了158名SAC与97名BA儿童（6-16岁）。测量人体测量数据和脂蛋白谱。利用对氧磷（PON）和苯乙酸酯（ARE）活性评估PON1。

结果：超重/肥胖的患病率在SAC比BA儿童低（18.3 VS 。 30.9％）。甘油三酯（1.34与0.90毫摩尔/升），载脂蛋白B（0.84 VS 。 0.72克/升），载脂蛋白AI（1.33 VS 。 1.27克/升），并且活动（100 VS 。 90微摩尔/毫升/分钟）分别为较高，而HDL-C（1.16 VS 。 1.32毫摩尔/升）和PON活性（170与203纳摩尔/毫升/分钟）为在SAC比BA低。单独的多元线性回归分析显示，相比于SAC儿童，甘油三酸酯（Beta -0.38），apo B（Beta -0.34）和ARE（Beta -0.36）高得多，而HDL-C（Beta 0.33）和PON（Beta 0.25）较低。与BA; 根据年龄，性别和BMI进行调整。

结论：与BA儿童相比，SAC显示不利的脂蛋白谱，较低的PON和较高的ARE活性，表明存在HDL代谢和抗氧化能力改变。