Lyme disease is a zoonosis caused by infection with bacteria belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi species after the bite of an infected tick. Even though an infection by this bacterium can be effectively treated with antibiotics, when the infection stays unnoticed B. burgdorferi can persist and chronic post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome is able to develop. Although a cellular and humoral response is observed after an infection with the Borrelia bacteria, these pathogens are still capable to stay alive. Several immune evasive mechanisms have been revealed and explained and much work has been put into the understanding of the contribution of the innate and adaptive immune response. This review provides an overview with the latest findings regarding the cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, how they recognize contribute and mediate in the killing of the B. burgdorferi spirochete. Moreover, this review also elaborates on the antigens that are expressed by on the spirochete. Since antigens drive the adaptive and, indirectly, the innate response, this review will discuss briefly the most important antigens that are described to date. Finally, there will be a brief elaboration on the escape mechanisms of B. burgdorferi with a focus on tick salivary proteins and spirochete antigens.

中文翻译：

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宿主免疫细胞和伯氏疏螺旋体抗原在莱姆病病因中的作用。

莱姆病是一种人畜共患病，它是由被感染的tick咬后感染属于伯氏疏螺旋体的细菌引起的。即使这种细菌的感染可以用抗生素有效地治疗，当感染仍未被发现时，B。burgdorferi可以持续存在并且可以发展为慢性莱姆病综合症。尽管在感染了疏螺旋体细菌后观察到了细胞和体液反应，但这些病原体仍然能够存活。已经揭示并解释了几种免疫逃避机制，并且在了解先天性和适应性免疫应答的贡献方面进行了大量工作。这篇综述概述了有关先天性和适应性免疫系统细胞的最新发现，以及它们如何识别杀伤伯氏疏螺旋体的作用和介导作用。螺旋体。此外，该综述还详细阐述了由螺旋体表达的抗原。由于抗原驱动适应性和间接的先天性应答，因此本文将简要讨论迄今为止描述的最重要的抗原。最后，将对伯氏疏螺旋体的逃逸机制进行简要阐述，重点是壁虱唾液蛋白和螺旋体抗原。