This experimental study investigates the bioactive potential of filaments produced via hot melt extrusion (HME) and intended for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing purposes. The oleo-gum-resins from benzoin, myrrha, and olibanum in pure state and also charged with 10% of metal oxide nanoparticles, TiO₂, P25, Cu₂O, and MoO₃, were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Disks were 3D-printed into model geometries (10 × 5 mm) and the disk-diffusion methodology was used for the evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of materials in study against the clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Due to their intrinsic properties, disks containing resins in pure state mostly prevent surface-associated growth; meanwhile, disks loaded with 10% oxides prevent planktonic growth of microorganisms in the susceptibility assay. The microscopy analysis showed that part of nanoparticles was encapsulated by the biopolymeric matrix of resins, in most cases remaining disorderly dispersed over the surface of resins. Thermal analysis shows that plant resins have peculiar characteristics, with a thermal behavior similar to commercial available semicrystalline polymers, although their structure consists of a mix of organic compounds.

中文翻译：

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3D打印的油胶树脂盘的生物活性潜能：枯草芽孢杆菌，没药梭状芽胞杆菌和安息香链球菌装载纳米氧化物TiO2，P25，Cu2O和MoO3。

这项实验研究调查了通过热熔挤出（HME）生产的长丝的生物活性潜力，该长丝旨在用于熔融沉积建模（FDM）3D打印。来自安息香，没药和无脂油的纯树脂制脂树脂，还装有10％的金属氧化物纳米颗粒，TiO ₂，P25，Cu ₂ O和MoO ₃通过紫外-可见（UV-Vis）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，能量色散X射线显微分析（EDXMA），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）进行表征。将圆盘3D打印到模型几何体（10×5 mm）中，并将圆盘扩散方法用于评估针对临床分离株研究的材料的抗微生物和抗真菌活性：金黄色葡萄球菌，铜绿假单胞菌，大肠杆菌和念珠菌白色的。由于其固有的特性，含有纯树脂的圆盘大多可防止表面相关的生长。同时，在敏感性试验中，装有10％氧化物的圆盘可防止微生物的浮游生长。显微镜分析表明，部分纳米颗粒被树脂的生物聚合物基质包封，在大多数情况下，它们仍无序地分散在树脂表面。热分析表明，植物树脂具有独特的特性，其热行为类似于市售的半结晶聚合物，尽管它们的结构由有机化合物的混合物组成。