We administered a stop-change paradigm, an extended version of the stop task that requires (a) stopping an ongoing motor response and (b) changing to an alternative (change) response. Performance of a group of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) and taking dopaminergic medication was compared with that of matched healthy control (HC) participants. Behavioral results indicated that response latencies to the initial go signal did not distinguish between the 2 groups, but that stopping latencies were prolonged in PD patients. In addition, the change response was delayed in the clinical group, indicating difficulties in flexibly changing to alternative motor actions upon external cues. The change deficit in PD related to the inhibition deficit. This dependence points to a serial processing architecture in PD according to which the stopping process has to finish before the change process can be initiated. In contrast, the HC group showed parallel stop and change processing. Analyses of sequential trial effects suggest that both HC and PD patients are susceptible to aftereffects of action override, due to the consequences of the automatic retrieval of recent associations between action and goal representations. Interestingly, postchange performance of the clinical group was hampered disproportionately, suggesting that PD is associated with an impairment in overriding previously formed action-goal associations. These findings support the notion that both higher-order cognitive control processes, such as inhibiting and changing actions, as well as lower-order feature binding mechanisms rely on basal ganglia functioning and are compromised by the basal ganglia dysfunction caused by PD. (PsycINFO Database Record

中文翻译：

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帕金森氏病的主要作用：停止和改变运动反应。

我们管理了停止变化范例，这是停止任务的扩展版本，它要求（a）停止正在进行的运动响应，以及（b）更改为其他（变化）响应。将一组诊断为帕金森氏病（PD）并服用多巴胺能药物的患者的表现与健康对照者（HC）进行比较。行为结果表明，对初始信号的反应潜伏期未在两组之间区分开，但在PD患者中停止潜伏期延长。此外，临床组的变化反应被延迟，表明难以根据外部提示灵活地改变为其他运动方式。PD的变化缺陷与抑制缺陷有关。这种依赖性指向PD中的串行处理体系结构，根据该体系结构，停止过程必须在可以启动更改过程之前完成。相反，HC组显示了并行的停止和更改处理。对连续试验效果的分析表明，由于自动检索动作和目标表示之间的最新关联的结果，HC和PD患者都容易受到动作超控的后效的影响。有趣的是，临床组的变更后绩效受到了不成比例的阻碍，这表明PD与覆盖先前形成的行动目标关联的障碍有关。这些发现支持以下观念：两个较高阶的认知控制过程，例如抑制和改变动作，以及低级特征绑定机制依赖于基底神经节功能，并受PD引起的基底神经节功能障碍的影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录