Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus L.) is a major crop in temperate regions and provides an important source of nutrition to many of the yield‐enhancing insect flower visitors that consume floral nectar. The manipulation of mechanisms that control various crop plant traits for the benefit of pollinators has been suggested in the bid to increase food security, but little is known about inherent floral trait expression in contemporary OSR varieties or the breeding systems used in OSR breeding programmes. We studied a range of floral traits in glasshouse‐grown, certified conventional varieties of winter OSR to test for variation among and within breeding systems. We measured 24‐h nectar secretion rate, amount, concentration and ratio of nectar sugars per flower, and sizes and number of flowers produced per plant from 24 varieties of OSR representing open‐pollinated (OP), genic male sterility (GMS) hybrid and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) hybrid breeding systems. Sugar concentration was consistent among and within the breeding systems; however, GMS hybrids produced more nectar and more sugar per flower than CMS hybrid or OP varieties. With the exception of ratio of fructose/glucose in OP varieties, we found that nectar traits were consistent within all the breeding systems. When scaled, GMS hybrids produced 1.73 times more nectar resource per plant than OP varieties. Nectar production and amount of nectar sugar in OSR plants were independent of number and size of flowers. Our data show that floral traits of glasshouse‐grown OSR differed among breeding systems, suggesting that manipulation and enhancement of nectar rewards for insect flower visitors, including pollinators, could be included in future OSR breeding programmes.

中文翻译：

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油菜（甘蓝型油菜）作为农田昆虫传粉媒介的资源：量化常规品种和育种系统中的花卉性状。

油菜（OSR;甘蓝型油菜L.）是温带地区的主要农作物，并且为许多食用花蜜的增产昆虫花提供了重要的营养来源。为了提高粮食安全性，有人建议操纵控制各种作物植物性状的机制以增加传粉媒介的利益，但对当代OSR品种或OSR育种计划中使用的育种系统中固有的花卉性状表达知之甚少。我们研究了经过温室认证的冬季OSR常规品种的一系列花卉性状，以测试繁殖系统之间和内部的变异。我们测量了代表开放授粉（OP）的24种OSR品种的24小时花蜜分泌率，每朵花的花蜜糖浓度，浓度和比率以及每株植物产生的花的大小和数量，基因雄性不育（GMS）杂种和细胞质雄性不育（CMS）杂种育种系统。育种系统内部和内部的糖浓度一致；但是，GMS杂种比CMS杂种或OP品种产生的花蜜和单花更多。除了果糖/葡萄糖比例在OP品种中，我们发现花蜜性状在所有育种系统中都是一致的。按比例缩放后，GMS杂种每株植物的花蜜资源是OP品种的1.73倍。OSR植物中的花蜜产量和花蜜糖含量与花朵的数量和大小无关。我们的数据表明，温室栽培OSR的花性状在育种系统中有所不同，这表明操纵和增强了对包括授粉媒介在内的昆虫花访客的花蜜奖励，