The visual system must recover important properties of the external environment if its host is to survive. Because the retinae are effectively two-dimensional but the world is three-dimensional (3D), the patterns of stimulation both within and across the eyes must be used to infer the distal stimulus-the environment-in all three dimensions. Moreover, animals and elements in the environment move, which means the input contains rich temporal information. Here, in addition to reviewing the literature, we discuss how and why prior work has focused on purported isolated systems (e.g., stereopsis) or cues (e.g., horizontal disparity) that do not necessarily map elegantly on to the computations and complex patterns of stimulation that arise when visual systems operate within the real world. We thus also introduce the binoptic flow field (BFF) as a description of the 3D motion information available in realistic environments, which can foster the use of ecologically valid yet well-controlled stimuli. Further, it can help clarify how future studies can more directly focus on the computations and stimulus properties the visual system might use to support perception and behavior in a dynamic 3D world.

中文翻译：

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3D 运动处理的双目机制。


如果宿主想要生存，视觉系统必须恢复外部环境的重要特性。由于视网膜实际上是二维的，但世界是三维 (3D) 的，因此必须使用眼睛内部和眼睛周围的刺激模式来推断所有三个维度中的远端刺激（环境）。此外，环境中的动物和元素会移动，这意味着输入包含丰富的时间信息。在这里，除了回顾文献之外，我们还讨论了先前的工作如何以及为何关注所谓的孤立系统（例如立体视觉）或线索（例如水平视差），这些系统不一定能够优雅地映射到计算和复杂的刺激模式当视觉系统在现实世界中运行时就会出现这种情况。因此，我们还引入了双视流场（BFF）作为对现实环境中可用的 3D 运动信息的描述，这可以促进生态有效但控制良好的刺激的使用。此外，它可以帮助阐明未来的研究如何更直接地关注视觉系统可能用来支持动态 3D 世界中的感知和行为的计算和刺激特性。