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Diagnostics for generalized linear hierarchical models in network meta-analysis.
Research Synthesis Methods ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-06 , DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1246
Hong Zhao 1 , James S Hodges 1 , Bradley P Carlin 1
Affiliation  

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) combines direct and indirect evidence comparing more than 2 treatments. Inconsistency arises when these 2 information sources differ. Previous work focuses on inconsistency detection, but little has been done on how to proceed after identifying inconsistency. The key issue is whether inconsistency changes an NMA's substantive conclusions. In this paper, we examine such discrepancies from a diagnostic point of view. Our methods seek to detect influential and outlying observations in NMA at a trial‐by‐arm level. These observations may have a large effect on the parameter estimates in NMA, or they may deviate markedly from other observations. We develop formal diagnostics for a Bayesian hierarchical model to check the effect of deleting any observation. Diagnostics are specified for generalized linear hierarchical NMA models and investigated for both published and simulated datasets. Results from our example dataset using either contrast‐ or arm‐based models and from the simulated datasets indicate that the sources of inconsistency in NMA tend not to be influential, though results from the example dataset suggest that they are likely to be outliers. This mimics a familiar result from linear model theory, in which outliers with low leverage are not influential. Future extensions include incorporating baseline covariates and individual‐level patient data.

中文翻译:

网络元分析中的广义线性层次模型的诊断。

网络荟萃分析(NMA)结合了直接和间接比较两种以上治疗方法的证据。当这两个信息源不同时,就会出现不一致的情况。先前的工作着重于不一致检测,但是在识别出不一致之后如何进行工作却很少。关键问题是不一致是否会改变NMA的实质性结论。在本文中,我们从诊断的角度检查了此类差异。我们的方法旨在逐项试验地检测NMA中有影响力和遥远的观察结果。这些观察结果可能对NMA中的参数估计有很大影响,或者它们可能与其他观察结果有明显差异。我们为贝叶斯分层模型开发正式的诊断程序,以检查删除任何观测值的效果。为广义线性分层NMA模型指定了诊断程序,并针对已发布和模拟的数据集进行了诊断。使用基于对比或基于手臂的模型的示例数据集的结果以及来自模拟数据集的结果表明,尽管示例数据集的结果表明它们很可能是异常值,但NMA中不一致的来源往往不会产生影响。这模仿了线性模型理论的一个熟悉的结果,在该结果中,低杠杆的异常值没有影响。未来的扩展包括合并基线协变量和个体水平的患者数据。使用基于对比或基于手臂的模型的示例数据集的结果以及来自模拟数据集的结果表明,尽管示例数据集的结果表明它们很可能是异常值,但NMA中不一致的来源往往不会产生影响。这模仿了线性模型理论的一个熟悉的结果,在该结果中,低杠杆的异常值没有影响。未来的扩展包括合并基线协变量和个体水平的患者数据。使用基于对比或基于手臂的模型的示例数据集的结果以及来自模拟数据集的结果表明,尽管示例数据集的结果表明它们很可能是异常值,但NMA中不一致的来源往往不会产生影响。这模仿了线性模型理论的一个熟悉的结果,在该结果中,低杠杆的异常值没有影响。未来的扩展包括合并基线协变量和个体水平的患者数据。
更新日期:2017-07-06
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