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CONTROL FUNCTION ASSISTED IPW ESTIMATION WITH A SECONDARY OUTCOME IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
Statistica Sinica ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 , DOI: 10.5705/ss.202015.0116
Tamar Sofer 1 , Marilyn C Cornelis 1 , Peter Kraft 1 , Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen 1
Affiliation  

Case-control studies are designed towards studying associations between risk factors and a single, primary outcome. Information about additional, secondary outcomes is also collected, but association studies targeting such secondary outcomes should account for the case-control sampling scheme, or otherwise results may be biased. Often, one uses inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimators to estimate population effects in such studies. IPW estimators are robust, as they only require correct specification of the mean regression model of the secondary outcome on covariates, and knowledge of the disease prevalence. However, IPW estimators are inefficient relative to estimators that make additional assumptions about the data generating mechanism. We propose a class of estimators for the effect of risk factors on a secondary outcome in case-control studies that combine IPW with an additional modeling assumption: specification of the disease outcome probability model. We incorporate this model via a mean zero control function. We derive the class of all regular and asymptotically linear estimators corresponding to our modeling assumption, when the secondary outcome mean is modeled using either the identity or the log link. We find the efficient estimator in our class of estimators and show that it reduces to standard IPW when the model for the primary disease outcome is unrestricted, and is more efficient than standard IPW when the model is either parametric or semiparametric.

中文翻译:

控制功能辅助 IPW 估计和病例控制研究的次要结果

病例对照研究旨在研究风险因素与单一主要结果之间的关联。还收集了有关其他次要结果的信息,但针对此类次要结果的关联研究应考虑病例对照抽样方案,否则结果可能有偏差。通常,人们使用逆概率加权 (IPW) 估计量来估计此类研究中的人口效应。IPW 估计量是稳健的,因为它们只需要正确指定协变量的次要结果的平均回归模型,以及疾病流行的知识。然而,相对于对数据生成机制做出额外假设的估计器,IPW 估计器效率低下。我们为病例对照研究中风险因素对次要结果的影响提出了一类估计量,这些研究将 IPW 与额外的建模假设相结合:疾病结果概率模型的规范。我们通过平均零控制功能合并此模型。当次要结果均值使用恒等式或对数链接进行建模时,我们推导出与我们的建模假设相对应的所有正则和渐近线性估计量的类。我们在我们的估计器类中找到了有效估计器,并表明当主要疾病结果的模型不受限制时,它会降低到标准 IPW,并且当模型是参数或半参数时比标准 IPW 更有效。我们通过平均零控制功能合并此模型。当次要结果均值使用恒等式或对数链接进行建模时,我们推导出与我们的建模假设相对应的所有正则和渐近线性估计量的类。我们在我们的估计器类中找到了有效估计器,并表明当主要疾病结果的模型不受限制时,它会降低到标准 IPW,并且当模型是参数或半参数时比标准 IPW 更有效。我们通过平均零控制功能合并此模型。当次要结果均值使用恒等式或对数链接进行建模时,我们推导出与我们的建模假设相对应的所有正则和渐近线性估计量的类。我们在我们的估计器类中找到了有效估计器,并表明当主要疾病结果的模型不受限制时,它会降低到标准 IPW,并且当模型是参数或半参数时比标准 IPW 更有效。
更新日期:2017-01-01
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