Cancer immunotherapy is experiencing a renaissance spearheaded by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This has spurred interest in 'upgrading' existing immunotherapies that previously experienced only sporadic success, such as dendritic cells (DCs) vaccines. In this review, we discuss the major molecular, immunological, and clinical determinants of existing first- and second-generation DC vaccines. We also outline the future trends for next-generation DC vaccines and describe their major hallmarks and prerequisites necessary for high anticancer efficacy. In addition, using existing data we compare DC vaccines with ICIs targeting CTLA4, PD1, and PD-L1, and argue that in various contexts next-generation DC vaccines are ready to meet some challenges currently confronting ICIs, thereby raising the need to integrate DC vaccines in future combinatorial immunotherapy regimens.

中文翻译：

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将下一代树突状细胞疫苗整合到当前的癌症免疫治疗领域。

癌症免疫疗法正在经历由免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）带动的复兴。这激发了人们对“升级”以前仅偶尔获得成功的现有免疫疗法的兴趣，例如树突状细胞（DC）疫苗。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了现有的第一代和第二代DC疫苗的主要分子，免疫学和临床决定因素。我们还概述了下一代DC疫苗的未来趋势，并描述了其主要标志和高抗癌效力所必需的先决条件。此外，利用现有数据，我们将DC疫苗与针对CTLA4，PD1和PD-L1的ICI进行了比较，并认为，在各种情况下，下一代DC疫苗已准备好应对IIC当前面临的一些挑战，