Supernumerary teeth are common clinical dental anomalies. Although various studies have provided abundant information regarding genes and signaling pathways involved in tooth morphogenesis, which include Wnt, FGF, BMP, and Shh, the molecular mechanism of tooth formation, especially for supernumerary teeth, is still unclear. In the population, some cases of supernumerary teeth are sporadic, while others are syndrome-related with familial hereditary. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of syndrome related supernumerary teeth is quite important for some distinctive disorders. Mice are the most commonly used model system for investigating supernumerary teeth. The upregulation of Wnt and Shh signaling in the dental epithelium results in the formation of multiple supernumerary teeth in mice. Understanding the molecular mechanism of supernumerary teeth is also a component of understanding tooth formation in general and provides clinical guidance for early diagnosis and treatment in the future.

多余牙齿是常见的临床牙齿异常。尽管各种研究已经提供了有关牙齿形态发生的基因和信号通路的丰富信息，包括Wnt，FGF，BMP和Shh，但牙齿形成的分子机制，尤其是多余牙齿的分子机制仍不清楚。在人群中，一些多余的牙齿病例是零星的，而另一些则与家族遗传有关。对于一些独特的疾病，迅速而准确地诊断与综合征相关的多余牙​​齿是非常重要的。小鼠是研究多余牙齿的最常用模型系统。Wnt和Shh信号在牙齿上皮细胞中的上调导致小鼠多颗多余牙齿的形成。