It is well known that there is a widespread use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and consequent release into different ecosystems such as freshwater bodies and groundwater systems. Furthermore, the use of organic fertilizers produced from animal waste manure has been also responsible for the occurrence of veterinary pharmaceuticals in agricultural soils. This article is a review of different studies focused on the detection and quantification of such compounds in environmental compartments using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, this paper reports the main challenges regarding veterinary pharmaceuticals in terms of analytical methods, detection/quantification of parent compounds and metabolites, and risks/toxicity to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Based on the existing literature, it is clear that only limited data is available regarding veterinary compounds and there are still considerable gaps to be bridged in order to remediate existing problems and prevent future ones. In terms of analytical methods, there are still considerable challenges to overcome considering the large number of existing compounds and respective metabolites. A number of studies highlight the lack of attention given to the detection and quantification of transformation products and metabolites. Furthermore more attention needs to be given in relation to the toxic effects and potential risks that veterinary compounds pose to environmental and human health. To conclude, the more research investigations focused on these subjects take place in the near future, more rapidly we will get a better understanding about the behavior of these compounds and the real risks they pose to aquatic and terrestrial environments and how to properly tackle them.

中文翻译：

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环境中兽药的出现：综述

众所周知，兽药被广泛使用，随后被释放到不同的生态系统中，例如淡水体和地下水系统。此外，使用由动物粪便制成的有机肥料也是农业土壤中兽药出现的原因。本文回顾了不同的研究，重点是使用不同的分析技术检测和量化环境隔间中的此类化合物。此外，本文报告了兽药在分析方法、母体化合物和代谢物的检测/量化以及对人类健康和水生生态系统的风险/毒性方面的主要挑战。根据现有文献，很明显，关于兽用化合物的可用数据有限，为了补救现有问题并防止未来出现问题，仍有相当大的差距需要弥合。在分析方法方面，考虑到大量现有化合物和各自的代谢物，仍有相当大的挑战需要克服。许多研究强调了对转化产物和代谢物的检测和量化缺乏关注。此外，需要更多关注兽用化合物对环境和人类健康的毒性作用和潜在风险。总而言之，在不久的将来，更多针对这些主题的研究调查发生，