The European Commission Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action FA1203 “SMARTER” aims to make recommendations for the sustainable management of Ambrosia across Europe and for monitoring its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The goal of the present study is to provide a baseline for spatial and temporal variations in airborne Ambrosia pollen in Europe that can be used for the management and evaluation of this noxious plant. The study covers the full range of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. distribution over Europe (39°N–60°N; 2°W–45°E). Airborne Ambrosia pollen data for the principal flowering period of Ambrosia (August–September) recorded during a 10-year period (2004–2013) were obtained from 242 monitoring sites. The mean sum of daily average airborne Ambrosia pollen and the number of days that Ambrosia pollen was recorded in the air were analysed. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated regardless of the number of years included in the study period, while trends are based on those time series with 8 or more years of data. Trends were considered significant at p < 0.05. There were few significant trends in the magnitude and frequency of atmospheric Ambrosia pollen (only 8% for the mean sum of daily average Ambrosia pollen concentrations and 14% for the mean number of days Ambrosia pollen were recorded in the air). The direction of any trends varied locally and reflected changes in sources of the pollen, either in size or in distance from the monitoring station. Pollen monitoring is important for providing an early warning of the expansion of this invasive and noxious plant.

中文翻译：

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欧洲空气传播的Ambrosia花粉的时空变化

欧盟委员会科学和技术合作 (COST) 行动 FA1203“更智能”旨在为整个欧洲的 Ambrosia 可持续管理和监测其效率和成本效益提出建议。本研究的目标是为欧洲空气传播的Ambrosia 花粉的时空变化提供基线，可用于管理和评估这种有毒植物。该研究涵盖了整个欧洲 (39°N–60°N; 2°W–45°E) 的 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 分布范围。从 242 个监测点获得了在 10 年期间（2004-2013 年）记录的 Ambrosia 主要开花期（8 月至 9 月）的空气传播 Ambrosia 花粉数据。分析了每天平均空气传播的豚草花粉的平均总和和豚草花粉在空气中记录的天数。平均值和标准差 (SD) 的计算与研究期间包括的年数无关，而趋势基于具有 8 年或更多年数据的时间序列。在 p < 0.05 时，趋势被认为是显着的。大气Ambrosia花粉的量级和频率几乎没有显着趋势（每天平均Ambrosia花粉浓度的平均总和仅为8％，Ambrosia花粉在空气中记录的平均天数为14％）。任何趋势的方向都在局部变化，反映了花粉来源的变化，无论是大小还是与监测站的距离。