The orzo Agordino is a very old local variety of domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. distichum L.) that is native to the Agordo District, Province of Belluno, and is widespread in the Veneto Region, Italy. Seeds of this landrace are widely used for the preparation of very famous dishes of the dolomitic culinary tradition such as barley soup, bakery products and local beer. Understanding the genetic diversity and identity of the Agordino barley landrace is a key step to establish conservation and valorisation strategies of this local variety and also to provide molecular traceability tools useful to ascertain the authenticity of its derivatives. The gene pool of the Agordino barley landrace was reconstructed using 60 phenotypically representative individual plants and its genotypic relationships with commercial varieties were investigated using 21 pure lines widely cultivated in the Veneto Region. For genomic DNA analysis, following an initial screening of 14 mapped microsatellite (SSR) loci, seven discriminant markers were selected on the basis of their genomic position across linkage groups and polymorphic marker alleles per locus. The genetic identity of the local barley landrace was determined by analysing all SSR markers in a single multi-locus PCR assay. Extent of genotypic variation within the Agordino barley landrace and the genotypic differentiation between the landrace individuals and the commercial varieties was determined. Then, as few as four highly informative SSR loci were selected and used to develop a molecular traceability system exploitable to verify the genetic authenticity of food products deriving from the Agordino landrace. This genetic authentication assay was validated using both DNA pools from individual Agordino barley plants and DNA samples from Agordino barley food products. On the whole, our data support the usefulness and robustness of this DNA-based diagnostic tool for the orzo Agordino identification, which could be rapidly and efficiently exploited to guarantee the authenticity of local varieties and the typicality of food products.

中文翻译：

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开发用于典型农用食品遗传认证的旧地方品种的分子鉴定分析：大麦“ Agordino”的案例研究。

该orzo Agordino是一个非常古老的地方品种驯化的大麦（大麦SSP。杉L.），原产于贝卢诺省的阿戈尔多区，并在意大利威尼托大区广泛分布。这种地方品种的种子被广泛用于制备非常有名的具有白云母烹饪传统的菜肴，例如大麦汤，烘焙产品和当地啤酒。了解Agordino大麦地方品种的遗传多样性和特性是建立该本地品种的保护和增值策略以及提供可用于确定其衍生物真实性的分子追溯工具的关键步骤。利用60种具有表型代表性的个体植物重建了Agordino大麦地方品种的基因库，并使用威尼托大区广泛种植的21个纯系研究了其与商业品种的基因型关系。对于基因组DNA分析，在初步筛选了14个定位的微卫星（SSR）基因座后，根据其在连锁群中的基因组位置和每个位点的多态性标记等位基因，选择了7个判别标记。通过在单个多位点PCR分析中分析所有SSR标记来确定本地大麦地方品种的遗传身份。确定了Agordino大麦地方品种内的基因型变异程度以及地方品种个体与商业品种之间的基因型差异。然后，选择了少至四个高度有用的SSR基因座，并将其用于开发分子可追溯系统，该系统可用于验证源自Agordino地方品种的食品的遗传真实性。使用来自各个Agordino大麦植物的DNA池和来自Agordino大麦食品的DNA样品验证了这种遗传认证测定。总体而言，我们的数据支持了这种基于DNA的诊断工具对Orzo Agordino鉴定的有用性和鲁棒性，可以快速有效地利用该诊断工具来保证当地品种的真实性和食品的典型性。