Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of 5% of all human cancers, with cervical cancer being the most important. Two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are essential for the development and maintenance of malignancy. Both proteins function by targeting critical pathways that are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. As a consequence of these activities, this produces an environment that is favourable for the normal viral life cycle, but when perturbed, can result in the initiation of changes to the host cell, which ultimately results in the development of a malignancy. In this review we discuss the role of these different functions of the viral oncoproteins during the viral life cycle and carcinogenesis, with an emphasis on how induction of DNA damage by the viral oncoproteins, in conjunction with the stem like nature of the target cells, can ultimately result in the development of cancer.

中文翻译：

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人类乳头瘤病毒E6和E7癌蛋白诱导的细胞转化的分子机制。

人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是所有人类癌症中5％的病原体，宫颈癌是最重要的。两种病毒癌蛋白E6和E7对恶性肿瘤的发生和维持至关重要。两种蛋白质均通过靶向关键途径发挥功能，而这些途径对于维持细胞体内稳态至关重要。这些活动的结果是，这会产生一个对正常病毒生命周期有利的环境，但是当受到干扰时，会导致宿主细胞发生变化，最终导致恶性肿瘤的发展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了病毒癌蛋白这些不同功能在病毒生命周期和致癌性中的作用，重点是病毒癌蛋白如何诱导DNA损伤，