In spite of modern treatment, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) still carries significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though standard of care therapy improves symptoms and also long-term prognosis of patients with AMI, it does not solve the critical issue, specifically the permanent damage of cardiomyocytes. As a result, a complex process occurs, namely cardiac remodeling, which leads to alterations in cardiac size, shape and function. This is what has driven the quest for unconventional therapeutic strategies aiming to regenerate the injured cardiac and vascular tissue. One of the latest breakthroughs in this regard is stem cell (SC) therapy. Based on favorable data obtained in experimental studies, therapeutic effectiveness of this innovative therapy has been investigated in clinical settings. Of various cell types used in the clinic, autologous bone marrow derived SCs were the first used to treat an AMI patient, 15 years ago. Since then, we have witnessed an increasing body of data as regards this cutting-edge therapy. Although feasibility and safety of SC transplant have been clearly proved, it's efficacy is still under dispute. Conducted studies and meta-analysis reported conflicting results, but there is hope for conclusive answer to be provided by the largest ongoing trial designed to demonstrate whether this treatment saves lives. In the meantime, strategies to enhance the SCs regenerative potential have been applied and/or suggested, position papers and recommendations have been published. But what have we learned so far and how can we properly use the knowledge gained? This review will analytically discuss each of the above topics, summarizing the current state of knowledge in the field.

中文翻译：

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急性心肌梗死的骨髓单核细胞治疗十五年。

尽管采用了现代治疗方法，但急性心肌梗塞（AMI）在世界范围内仍具有很高的发病率和死亡率。尽管标准的护理疗法可以改善AMI患者的症状并改善其长期预后，但仍不能解决关键问题，尤其是对心肌细胞的永久性损害。结果，发生了复杂的过程，即心脏重塑，这导致心脏大小，形状和功能的改变。这促使人们寻求旨在使受伤的心脏和血管组织再生的非常规治疗策略。在这方面的最新突破之一是干细胞（SC）治疗。根据实验研究获得的有利数据，已经在临床环境中研究了这种创新疗法的治疗效果。在诊所使用的各种细胞类型中，15年前，自体骨髓衍生的SC首次用于治疗AMI患者。从那时起，我们见证了有关这种尖端疗法的大量数据。尽管SC移植的可行性和安全性已得到明确证明，但其有效性仍存在争议。进行的研究和荟萃分析报告了相互矛盾的结果，但是希望通过正在进行的最大规模的试验来得出结论性结论，以证明这种治疗是否可以挽救生命。同时，已经应用和/或提出了提高SC再生潜力的策略，并发表了立场文件和建议。但是，到目前为止，我们学到了什么？如何正确利用所学到的知识？这篇评论将分析性地讨论上述每个主题，