Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are potential cellular candidates for several immunotherapy purposes. Their multilineage potential and immunomodulatory properties make them interesting tools for the treatment of various immunological diseases. However, depending on the local microenvironment, diverse biological functions of MSCs can be modulated. Indeed, during infections such as obtained following TLR-agonist engagement (called as TLR priming), the phenotype, multilineage potential, hematopoietic support and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs can present critical changes, which could further affect their therapeutic potential. Thus, for appropriate clinical application of MSCs, it is important to well know and understand these effects in particular during infectious episodes and to find the suitable experimental settings to study that. Pre-stimulation of MSCs with a specific TLR ligand may serve as an effective priming step to modulate one of its function to achieve a desired therapeutic issue.

中文翻译：

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间充质基质细胞和 Toll 样受体启动：批判性审查

间充质基质细胞 (MSC) 是用于多种免疫治疗目的的潜在细胞候选物。它们的多谱系潜力和免疫调节特性使它们成为治疗各种免疫疾病的有趣工具。然而，根据局部微环境，可以调节 MSC 的多种生物学功能。事实上，在 TLR 激动剂参与后获得的感染（称为 TLR 启动）期间，MSC 的表型、多向潜能、造血支持和免疫调节能力会出现关键变化，这可能进一步影响其治疗潜力。因此，对于 MSC 的适当临床应用，重要的是要充分了解和理解这些影响，特别是在感染发作期间，并找到合适的实验环境来研究这一点。