Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming are promising approaches for disease modeling and personalized medicine. However, these processes are yet to be optimized. Biomaterials are increasingly integrated into cell reprogramming strategies in order to engineer the microenvironment, improve reprogramming efficiency and achieve effective in situ cell reprogramming. Although there are some studies on the role of biomaterials in iPS cell reprogramming, their effect on direct cell conversion has not been fully explored. Here we review the recent advances in the use of biomaterials for iPS cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming, with a focus on the biophysical aspect. We further highlight the future challenges and directions of the field.

中文翻译：

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细胞重编程的生物物理调节。

诱导多能干（iPS）细胞重编程和直接重编程是用于疾病建模和个性化医学的有前途的方法。但是，这些过程尚待优化。生物材料越来越多地整合到细胞重编程策略中，以工程化微环境，提高重编程效率并实现有效的原位细胞重编程。尽管已经对生物材料在iPS细胞重编程中的作用进行了一些研究，但尚未充分研究它们对直接细胞转化的影响。在这里，我们回顾了生物材料用于iPS细胞重编程和直接重编程的最新进展，重点是生物物理方面。我们进一步强调该领域的未来挑战和方向。