The ecology of forest soils is an important field of research due to the role of forests as carbon sinks. Consequently, a significant amount of information has been accumulated concerning their ecology, especially for temperate and boreal forests. Although most studies have focused on fungi, forest soil bacteria also play important roles in this environment. In forest soils, bacteria inhabit multiple habitats with specific properties, including bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, and deadwood habitats, where their communities are shaped by nutrient availability and biotic interactions. Bacteria contribute to a range of essential soil processes involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They take part in the decomposition of dead plant biomass and are highly important for the decomposition of dead fungal mycelia. In rhizospheres of forest trees, bacteria interact with plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi as commensalists or mycorrhiza helpers. Bacteria also mediate multiple critical steps in the nitrogen cycle, including N fixation. Bacterial communities in forest soils respond to the effects of global change, such as climate warming, increased levels of carbon dioxide, or anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. This response, however, often reflects the specificities of each studied forest ecosystem, and it is still impossible to fully incorporate bacteria into predictive models. The understanding of bacterial ecology in forest soils has advanced dramatically in recent years, but it is still incomplete. The exact extent of the contribution of bacteria to forest ecosystem processes will be recognized only in the future, when the activities of all soil community members are studied simultaneously.

中文翻译：

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森林土壤细菌：多样性，参与生态系统过程以及对全球变化的响应。

由于森林作为碳汇的作用，森林土壤的生态学是一个重要的研究领域。因此，已经积累了有关其生态学的大量信息，尤其是对于温带和北方森林而言。尽管大多数研究都集中在真菌上，但是森林土壤细菌在这种环境中也起着重要的作用。在森林土壤中，细菌栖息在具有特定特性的多个生境中，包括散装土壤，根际，凋落物和枯木生境，它们的群落受养分供应和生物相互作用的影响。细菌促成一系列重要的土壤过程，涉及碳，氮和磷的循环。它们参与死植物生物质的分解，对于死真菌菌丝体的分解非常重要。在林木的根际，细菌与植物的根部和菌根真菌相互作用，成为共生主义者或菌根的助手。细菌还介导了氮循环中的多个关键步骤，包括固氮。森林土壤中的细菌群落应对全球变化的影响，例如气候变暖，二氧化碳含量增加或人为氮沉积。但是，这种反应通常反映了每个研究过的森林生态系统的特异性，并且仍然不可能将细菌完全纳入预测模型中。近年来，对森林土壤中细菌生态学的理解有了很大的进步，但是仍然不完整。细菌对森林生态系统过程的确切贡献程度只有在将来才能得到确认，