Planting the perennial biomass crop Miscanthus in the UK could offset 2–13 Mt oil eq. yr⁻¹, contributing up to 10% of current energy use. Policymakers need assurance that upscaling Miscanthus production can be performed sustainably without negatively impacting essential food production or the wider environment. This study reviews a large body of Miscanthus relevant literature into concise summary statements. Perennial Miscanthus has energy output/input ratios 10 times higher (47.3 ± 2.2) than annual crops used for energy (4.7 ± 0.2 to 5.5 ± 0.2), and the total carbon cost of energy production (1.12 g CO₂‐C eq. MJ⁻¹) is 20–30 times lower than fossil fuels. Planting on former arable land generally increases soil organic carbon (SOC) with Miscanthus sequestering 0.7–2.2 Mg C4‐C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Cultivation on grassland can cause a disturbance loss of SOC which is likely to be recovered during the lifetime of the crop and is potentially mitigated by fossil fuel offset. N₂O emissions can be five times lower under unfertilized Miscanthus than annual crops and up to 100 times lower than intensive pasture. Nitrogen fertilizer is generally unnecessary except in low fertility soils. Herbicide is essential during the establishment years after which natural weed suppression by shading is sufficient. Pesticides are unnecessary. Water‐use efficiency is high (e.g. 5.5–9.2 g aerial DM (kg H₂O)⁻¹, but high biomass productivity means increased water demand compared to cereal crops. The perennial nature and belowground biomass improves soil structure, increases water‐holding capacity (up by 100–150 mm), and reduces run‐off and erosion. Overwinter ripening increases landscape structural resources for wildlife. Reduced management intensity promotes earthworm diversity and abundance although poor litter palatability may reduce individual biomass. Chemical leaching into field boundaries is lower than comparable agriculture, improving soil and water habitat quality.

中文翻译：

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在英国种植芒草作为生物能源的环境成本和收益。

在英国种植多年生生物质作物芒草可以抵消 2-13 公吨石油当量。yr ^-1，占当前能源使用的 10%。政策制定者需要确保芒草生产的升级可以可持续地进行，而不会对基本粮食生产或更广泛的环境产生负面影响。本研究将大量芒草相关文献回顾为简明扼要的摘要陈述。多年生芒草的能量输出/输入比 (47.3 ± 2.2) 是用于能源的一年生作物（4.7 ± 0.2 至 5.5 ± 0.2）的 10 倍，而能源生产的总碳成本（1.12 g CO ₂ -C eq. MJ ^-1) 比化石燃料低 20-30 倍。在以前的耕地上种植通常会增加土壤有机碳 (SOC)，芒草可吸收0.7–2.2 Mg C4-C ha ^-1  yr ^-1。在草地上种植会导致 SOC 的扰动损失，这种损失可能会在作物的整个生命周期内恢复，并可能通过化石燃料的补偿得到缓解。未施肥芒草下的N ₂ O 排放量可降低五倍比一年生作物低 100 倍，比集约型牧场低 100 倍。除了肥力低的土壤，一般不需要氮肥。除草剂在建立年份是必不可少的，之后通过遮荫抑制自然杂草就足够了。杀虫剂是不必要的。水利用效率高（例如 5.5–9.2 g 空气 DM (kg H ₂ O) ^-1，但与谷类作物相比，高生物质生产力意味着需水量增加。多年生自然和地下生物量改善了土壤结构，增加了持水能力（增加了 100-150 毫米），减少了径流和侵蚀。越冬成熟增加了野生动物的景观结构资源。尽管垫料适口性差可能会降低个体生物量，但降低管理强度会促进蚯蚓的多样性和丰度。渗入田间边界的化学物质低于可比较的农业，从而改善了土壤和水的栖息地质量。