New Ar-Ar muscovite and Rb-Sr biotite age data in combination with structural analyses from the Apuseni Mountains provide new constraints on the timing and kinematics of deformation during the Cretaceous. Time-temperature paths from the structurally highest basement nappe of the Apuseni Mountains in combination with sedimentary data indicate exhumation and a position close to the surface after the Late Jurassic emplacement of the South Apuseni Ophiolites. Early Cretaceous Ar-Ar muscovite ages from structurally lower parts in the Biharia Nappe System (Dacia Mega-Unit) show cooling from medium-grade conditions. NE-SW-trending stretching lineation and associated kinematic indicators of this deformation phase (D1) are overprinted by top-NW-directed thrusting during D2. An Albian to Turonian age (110-90 Ma) is proposed for the main deformation (D2) that formed the present-day geometry of the nappe stack and led to a pervasive retrograde greenschist-facies overprint. Thermochronological and structural data from the Bihor Unit (Tisza Mega-Unit) allowed to establish E-directed differential exhumation during Early-Late Cretaceous times (D3.1). Brittle detachment faulting (D3.2) and the deposition of syn-extensional sediments indicate general uplift and partial surface exposure during the Late Cretaceous. Brittle conditions persist during the latest Cretaceous compressional overprint (D4).

中文翻译：

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从堆肥到发掘：Apuseni山脉（罗马尼亚）的白垩纪构造。

新的Ar-Ar白云母和Rb-Sr黑云母年龄数据与Apuseni山脉的结构分析相结合，为白垩纪变形的时间和运动学提供了新的限制。来自Apuseni山脉结构最高的基底推覆的时间-温度路径与沉积数据相结合，表明在南Apuseni蛇绿岩晚侏罗世就位之后，出现了掘出和靠近地表的位置。Biharia Nappe系统（Dacia Mega-Unit）下部结构的白垩纪Ar-Ar白云母年龄从中等等级条件开始变凉。此变形阶段（D1）的NE-SW趋势伸展线和相关的运动学指示在D2期间由顶部NW定向的推力套印。对于主要变形（D2），提出了Albian至Turonian年龄（110-90 Ma），该变形形成了当前尿布叠层的几何形状，并导致普遍的逆行格林西斯相叠印。来自Bihor单位（Tisza兆单位）的热年代学和结构数据可以在白垩纪晚期（D3.1）建立E定向差分发掘法。脆性脱离断层（D3.2）和顺延沉积物的沉积表明白垩纪晚期普遍隆升和部分地表暴露。在最新的白垩纪压缩套印（D4）期间，脆性条件持续存在。来自Bihor单位（Tisza兆单位）的热年代学和结构数据可以在白垩纪晚期（D3.1）建立E定向差分发掘法。脆性脱离断层（D3.2）和顺延沉积物的沉积表明白垩纪晚期普遍隆升和部分地表暴露。在最新的白垩纪压缩套印（D4）期间，脆性条件持续存在。来自Bihor单位（Tisza兆单位）的热年代学和结构数据可以在白垩纪晚期（D3.1）建立E定向差分发掘法。脆性脱离断层（D3.2）和顺延沉积物的沉积表明白垩纪晚期普遍隆升和部分地表暴露。在最新的白垩纪压缩套印（D4）期间，脆性条件持续存在。