BACKGROUND The current concept of overweight/obesity is most likely related to a combination of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure. Widespread inflammation, associated with both conditions, appears to contribute to the development of some obesity-related comorbidities. Interventions that directly or indirectly target individuals at high risk of developing obesity have been largely proposed because of the increasing number of overweight/obese cases worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess CXCL16, IL-17, and BMP-2 plasma factors in middle-aged and elderly women and relate them to an overweight or obese status. In total, 117 women were selected and grouped as eutrophic, overweight, and obese, according to anthropometric parameters. Analyses of anthropometric and circulating biochemical parameters were followed by plasma immunoassays for CXCL-16, IL-17, and BMP-2. RESULTS Plasma mediators increased in all overweight and obese individuals, with the exception of BMP-2 in the elderly group, whereas CXCL16 levels were shown to differentiate overweight and obese individuals. Overweight and/or obese middle-aged and elderly individuals presented with high LDL, triglycerides, and glycemia levels. Anthropometric parameters indicating increased-cardiovascular risk were positively correlated with CXCL-16, BMP-2, and IL-17 levels in overweight and obese middle-aged and elderly individuals. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that CXCL-16, IL-17, and BMP-2 are potential plasma indicators of inflammatory status in middle-aged and elderly women; therefore, further investigation of obesity-related comorbidities is recommended. CXCL16, in particular, could be a potential marker for middle-aged and elderly individuals transitioning from eutrophic to overweight body types, which represents an asymptomatic and dangerous condition.

中文翻译：

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CXCL-16、IL-17 和骨形态发生蛋白 2 (BMP-2) 与中老年女性超重和肥胖状况相关。


背景技术目前超重/肥胖的概念很可能与热量摄入增加和能量消耗减少的组合有关。与这两种情况相关的广泛炎症似乎会导致一些与肥胖相关的合并症的发生。由于全球超重/肥胖病例数量不断增加，直接或间接针对肥胖高风险个体的干预措施已被广泛提出。本研究的目的是评估中老年女性的 CXCL16、IL-17 和 BMP-2 血浆因子，并将它们与超重或肥胖状态联系起来。总共选择了 117 名女性，并根据人体测量参数分为富营养化、超重和肥胖。对人体测量和循环生化参数进行分析后，对 CXCL-16、IL-17 和 BMP-2 进行血浆免疫测定。结果 除老年人组中的 BMP-2 外，所有超重和肥胖个体的血浆介质均增加，而 CXCL16 水平显示可区分超重和肥胖个体。超重和/或肥胖的中老年人存在高低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和血糖水平。在超重和肥胖的中老年人中，表明心血管风险增加的人体测量参数与 CXCL-16、BMP-2 和 IL-17 水平呈正相关。结论 本研究提供的证据表明 CXCL-16、IL-17 和 BMP-2 是中老年女性炎症状态的潜在血浆指标；因此，建议进一步调查肥胖相关的合并症。 尤其是CXCL16，可能是中老年人从富营养化体型转变为超重体型的潜在标志物，这是一种无症状且危险的状况。