This study analyses rib geometric parameters of individual ribs of 14 modern human subjects (7 males and 7 females) in comparison to the reconstructed ribs of the Kebara 2 skeleton which was taken from the reconstruction of a Neandertal thorax by Sawyer & Maley (2005). Three-dimensional (3D) models were segmented from CT scans and each rib vertex cloud was placed into a local coordinate system defined from the rib principal axes. Rib clouds were then analysed using best fitting ellipses of the external contours of the cross-section areas. The centroid of each ellipse was then used to measure the centroidal pathway between each slice (rib midline). Curvature of the ribs was measured from the mid-line of the ribs as the sum of angles between successive centroids in adjacent cross sections. Distinct common patterns were noted in all rib geometric parameters for modern humans. The Kebara 2 reconstructed ribs also followed the same patterns. This study demonstrated that there are differences between the sexes in rib geometrical parameters, with females showing smaller rib width, chord length and arc length, but greater curvature (rib torsion, rib axial curvature, rib anterior-posterior bending) than males. The Kebara 2 reconstructed ribs were within the modern human range for the majority of geometrical parameters.

中文翻译：

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Kebara 2肋骨与现代人有何不同？

与Sawyer＆Maley（2005）从尼安德特人的胸部重建中获得的Kebara 2骨架重建后的肋骨相比，本研究分析了14位现代人类个体肋骨的几何参数（男7例，女性7肋）。通过CT扫描对三维（3D）模型进行了分割，并将每个肋骨顶点云放入了由肋骨主轴定义的局部坐标系中。然后使用横截面区域外部轮廓的最佳拟合椭圆来分析肋骨云。然后使用每个椭圆的质心来测量每个切片之间的质心路径（肋骨中线）。从肋骨的中线测量肋骨的曲率，作为相邻横截面中连续质心之间的角度之和。在现代人的所有肋骨几何参数中都注意到了不同的常见模式。Kebara 2重建的肋骨也遵循相同的样式。这项研究表明，性别在肋骨几何参数上存在差异，女性比男性显示较小的肋骨宽度，弦长和弧长，但曲率（肋骨扭转，肋骨轴向曲率，肋骨前后弯曲）更大。对于大多数几何参数，Kebara 2重建的肋骨在现代人类范围内。肋骨前后弯曲）比男性多。对于大多数几何参数，Kebara 2重建的肋骨在现代人类范围内。肋骨前后弯曲）比男性多。对于大多数几何参数，Kebara 2重建的肋骨在现代人类范围内。