Eosinophils are potent effector cells implicated in allergic responses and helminth infections. Responding to stimuli, they release their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins and are involved in inflammatory processes. However, under homeostatic conditions, eosinophils are abundantly present in the intestine and are constantly in contact with the gut microbiota and maintain the balance of immune responses without inflammation. This situation indicates that intestinal eosinophils have an anti-inflammatory function unlike allergic eosinophils. In support of this notion, some papers have shown that eosinophils have different phenotypes depending on the site of residence and are a heterogeneous cell population. Recently, it was reported that eosinophils in the small intestine and adipose tissue, respectively, contribute to homeostasis of intestinal immune responses and metabolism. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize new functions of eosinophils demonstrated in recent studies and discuss their homeostatic functions.

中文翻译：

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炎症和代谢紊乱中的调节嗜酸性粒细胞

嗜酸性粒细胞是与过敏反应和蠕虫感染有关的有效效应细胞。响应刺激，它们释放颗粒衍生的细胞毒性蛋白并参与炎症过程。然而，在稳态条件下，嗜酸性粒细胞大量存在于肠道中，并不断与肠道微生物群接触，在没有炎症的情况下维持免疫反应的平衡。这种情况说明肠道嗜酸性粒细胞与过敏性嗜酸性粒细胞不同，具有抗炎作用。为了支持这一观点，一些论文表明嗜酸性粒细胞根据居住部位的不同具有不同的表型，并且是异质细胞群。最近，据报道，小肠和脂肪组织中的嗜酸性粒细胞分别，有助于肠道免疫反应和代谢的稳态。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近研究中证实的嗜酸性粒细胞的新功能，并讨论了它们的稳态功能。