In recent years, the understanding of how DNA repair contributes to the development of innate and acquired immunity has emerged. The DNA damage incurred during the inflammatory response triggers the activation of DNA repair pathways, which are required for host-cell survival. Here, we reviewed current understanding of the mechanism by which DNA repair contributes to protection against the oxidized DNA damage generated during infectious and inflammatory diseases and its involvement in innate and adaptive immunity. We discussed the functional role of DNA repair enzymes in the immune activation and the relevance of these processes to: transcriptional regulation of cytokines and other genes involved in the inflammatory response; V(D)J recombination; class-switch recombination (CSR); and somatic hypermutation (SHM). These three last processes of DNA damage repair are required for effective humoral adaptive immunity, creating genetic diversity in developing T and B cells. Furthermore, viral replication is also dependent on host DNA repair mechanisms. Therefore, the elucidation of the pathways of DNA damage and its repair that activate innate and adaptive immunity will be important for a better understanding of the immune and inflammatory disorders and developing new therapeutic interventions for treatment of these diseases and for improving their outcome.

中文翻译：

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DNA修复在宿主免疫反应和炎症中的作用。

近年来，人们对DNA修复如何促进先天性和获得性免疫的发展有了了解。在炎症反应过程中引起的DNA损伤触发了DNA修复途径的激活，这是宿主细胞存活所必需的。在这里，我们综述了目前对DNA修复有助于抵御传染性和炎性疾病期间产生的氧化DNA损伤的机制及其在先天和适应性免疫中的作用的理解。我们讨论了DNA修复酶在免疫激活中的功能作用以及这些过程对以下方面的相关性：细胞因子和其他与炎症反应有关的基因的转录调控；V（D）J重组；类开关重组（CSR）；和体细胞超突变（SHM）。DNA损伤修复的这三个最后过程是有效的体液适应性免疫所必需的，从而在发育中的T细胞和B细胞中产生了遗传多样性。此外，病毒复制也取决于宿主DNA修复机制。因此，阐明激活先天和适应性免疫的DNA损伤及其修复途径对于更好地理解免疫和炎性疾病以及开发治疗这些疾病的新疗法以及改善其结局将是重要的。