Non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability which is essential for cell survival and preventing tumorigenesis. Through an extensive crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and the canonical DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway, DDR-induced expression of non-coding RNAs can provide a regulatory mechanism to accurately control the expression of DNA damage responsive genes in a spatio-temporal manner. Mechanistically, DNA damage alters expression of a variety of non-coding RNAs at multiple levels including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and RNA degradation. In parallel, non-coding RNAs can directly regulate cellular processes involved in DDR by altering expression of their targeting genes, with a particular emphasis on miRNAs and lncRNAs. MiRNAs are required for almost every aspect of cellular responses to DNA damage, including sensing DNA damage, transducing damage signals, repairing damaged DNA, activating cell cycle checkpoints, and inducing apoptosis. As for lncRNAs, they control transcription of DDR relevant gene by four different regulatory models, including signal, decoy, guide, and scaffold. In addition, we also highlight potential clinical applications of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatments using DNA-damaging agents including radiation and chemotherapy. Although tremendous advances have been made to elucidate the role of non-coding RANs in genome maintenance, many key questions remain to be answered including mechanistically how non-coding RNA pathway and DNA damage response pathway is coordinated in response to genotoxic stress.

中文翻译：

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非编码RNA：DNA损伤反应的新兴参与者。

非编码RNA在维持基因组稳定性方面起着至关重要的作用，这对于细胞存活和预防肿瘤发生至关重要。通过非编码RNA与规范的DNA损伤反应（DDR）信号通路之间的广泛串扰，DDR诱导的非编码RNA的表达可提供调控机制，以准确控制时空的DNA损伤反应基因的表达。方式。从机制上讲，DNA损伤会在多个水平上改变多种非编码RNA的表达，包括转录调控，转录后调控和RNA降解。同时，非编码RNA可以通过改变其靶向基因的表达来直接调节DDR中涉及的细胞过程，特别是针对miRNA和lncRNA。细胞对DNA损伤的几乎每个方面都需要MiRNA，包括感知DNA损伤，转导损伤信号，修复受损的DNA，激活细胞周期检查点和诱导细胞凋亡。对于lncRNA，它们通过四种不同的调节模型控制DDR相关基因的转录，包括信号，诱饵，导向和支架。此外，我们还重点介绍了非编码RNA作为生物标志物和使用包括放射线和化学疗法在内的DNA破坏剂进行抗癌治疗的治疗靶标的治疗靶标的潜在临床应用。尽管阐明了非编码RAN在基因组维护中的作用已取得巨大进展，