The aim of this study was to assess the Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage rate in healthy children all over Hungary and to specify some risk factors, the antibiotic resistance patterns of the bacteria, and their genetic relatedness. In total, 878 children (aged 3-6 years) were screened at 21 day-care centers in 16 different cities in Hungary, between February 2009 and December 2011. Samples taken from both nostrils were cultured on blood agar, and suspected S. aureus isolates were identified by β-hemolysis, catalase positivity, clump test, and nucA PCR. Methicillin-resistant strains were screened by mecA and mecC PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by agar dilution or gradient test strips. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for genotyping. S. aureus carriage rate was found to be 21.3%, which correlates well with international data. We found no statistically significant correlation between the gender or the sibling status and S. aureus carriage. All isolates were sensitive to oxacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and mupirocin. The resistance rates for erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline were 7.5%, 0.5%, 1.1%, 3.7%, and 4.3%, respectively. The isolates showed very high genetic diversity. In summary, carried S. aureus isolates are more sensitive to antibiotics compared with clinical isolates in Hungary, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus carriage rate is very low yet.

中文翻译：

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匈牙利儿童金黄色葡萄球菌鼻支架的流行病学和抗生素敏感性。

这项研究的目的是评估匈牙利健康儿童中金黄色葡萄球菌的鼻腔运输率，并确定一些危险因素，细菌的抗生素抗性模式及其遗传相关性。在2009年2月至2011年12月期间，总共在匈牙利16个不同城市的21个日托中心对878名儿童（3-6岁）进行了筛查。从两个鼻孔中采集的样本均在血琼脂和疑似金黄色葡萄球菌上培养。通过β-溶血，过氧化氢酶阳性，团块试验和nucA PCR鉴定分离株。通过mecA和mecC PCR筛选耐甲氧西林的菌株。抗生素敏感性通过琼脂稀释或梯度试纸测定。脉冲场凝胶电泳用于基因分型。发现金黄色葡萄球菌的运输率为21.3％，与国际数据的相关性很好。我们发现性别或同胞状态与金黄色葡萄球菌运输之间没有统计学上的显着相关性。所有分离株均对奥沙西林，甲氧苄氨嘧啶，磺胺甲基异恶唑和莫匹罗星敏感。红霉素，环丙沙星，克林霉素，庆大霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为7.5％，0.5％，1.1％，3.7％和4.3％。分离株显示出很高的遗传多样性。总之，与匈牙利的临床分离株相比，携带的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对抗生素更敏感，耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌的运输率还很低。红霉素，环丙沙星，克林霉素，庆大霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为7.5％，0.5％，1.1％，3.7％和4.3％。分离株显示出很高的遗传多样性。总之，与匈牙利的临床分离株相比，携带的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对抗生素更敏感，耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌的运输率还很低。红霉素，环丙沙星，克林霉素，庆大霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为7.5％，0.5％，1.1％，3.7％和4.3％。分离株显示出很高的遗传多样性。总之，与匈牙利的临床分离株相比，携带的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对抗生素更敏感，耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌的运输率还很低。