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Human Birth Weight and Reproductive Immunology: Testing for Interactions between Maternal and Offspring KIR and HLA-C Genes.
Human Heredity ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-02-18 , DOI: 10.1159/000456033
Michelle M Clark 1 , Olympe Chazara , Eric M Sobel , Håkon K Gjessing , Per Magnus , Ashley Moffett , Janet S Sinsheimer
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND/AIMS Maternal and offspring cell contact at the site of placentation presents a plausible setting for maternal-fetal genotype (MFG) interactions affecting fetal growth. We test hypotheses regarding killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and HLA-C MFG effects on human birth weight by extending the quantitative MFG (QMFG) test. METHODS Until recently, association testing for MFG interactions had limited applications. To improve the ability to test for these interactions, we developed the extended QMFG test, a linear mixed-effect model that can use multi-locus genotype data from families. RESULTS We demonstrate the extended QMFG test's statistical properties. We also show that if an offspring-only model is fit when MFG effects exist, associations can be missed or misattributed. Furthermore, imprecisely modeling the effects of both KIR and HLA-C could result in a failure to replicate if these loci's allele frequencies differ among populations. To further illustrate the extended QMFG test's advantages, we apply the extended QMFG test to a UK cohort study and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa) study. CONCLUSION We find a significant KIR-HLA-C interaction effect on birth weight. More generally, the QMFG test can detect genetic associations that may be missed by standard genome-wide association studies for quantitative traits.

中文翻译:

人类出生体重和生殖免疫学:测试母体和后代 KIR 和 HLA-C 基因之间的相互作用。

背景/目的 胎盘部位的母体和后代细胞接触为影响胎儿生长的母胎基因型 (MFG) 相互作用提供了一个合理的环境。我们通过扩展定量 MFG (QMFG) 测试来检验有关杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体 (KIR) 和 HLA-C MFG 对人类出生体重影响的假设。方法 直到最近,MFG 交互的关联测试应用有限。为了提高测试这些相互作用的能力,我们开发了扩展的 QMFG 测试,这是一种线性混合效应模型,可以使用来自家庭的多位点基因型数据。结果 我们展示了扩展 QMFG 测试的统计特性。我们还表明,如果存在 MFG 效应时适合仅后代模型,则可能会遗漏或错误归因关联。此外,如果这些基因座的等位基因频率在人群中不同,那么不精确地模拟 KIR 和 HLA-C 的影响可能会导致复制失败。为了进一步说明扩展 QMFG 测试的优势,我们将扩展 QMFG 测试应用于英国队列研究和挪威母婴队列 (MoBa) 研究。结论 我们发现对出生体重有显着的 KIR-HLA-C 交互作用。更一般地说,QMFG 测试可以检测标准的全基因组关联研究可能遗漏的数量性状的遗传关联。结论 我们发现对出生体重有显着的 KIR-HLA-C 交互作用。更一般地说,QMFG 测试可以检测标准的全基因组关联研究可能遗漏的数量性状的遗传关联。结论 我们发现对出生体重有显着的 KIR-HLA-C 交互作用。更一般地说,QMFG 测试可以检测标准的全基因组关联研究可能遗漏的数量性状的遗传关联。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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