BACKGROUND Few studies have reported on the effectiveness of the washing and disinfection methods used in cattle markets in Ireland. Purchasing cattle into recipient herds poses a high biosecurity risk due to the possibility of introducing disease. In Ireland, livestock markets are an important intermediary in the movement of cattle to new herds. Thus disease control strategies need to consider the disease risk associated with moving livestock through markets. Some cattle are also moved directly from markets for slaughter at abattoirs. Washing and disinfection at markets is utilised to reduce faecal contamination in markets, thereby reducing the risk of disease spread among animals and carcass contamination at slaughter. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of standard washing and disinfection techniques at markets in Ireland in reducing bacterial contamination on internal structures. Total viable counts (TVC) of colony forming units (CFU) were used as indicators of bacterial contamination, which could include pathogens of public and animal health concern. Four hundred and seventy nine samples were taken mainly from pen floors and the TVC enumerated for each sample. RESULTS Washing and disinfection was effective at significantly reducing TVCs on floors and metal bars of market holding pens, but residual contamination remained. Washing market pens only (no disinfection), followed by a rest period between batches of cattle (6.5 days) was as effective at reducing TVCs as washing followed by disinfection and a shorter rest period (5.5 days). CONCLUSIONS Markets are a potential reservoir for microbial contamination with a resultant increased risk of disease spread by cattle moving through markets into new herds, and carcass contamination for cattle moving directly to slaughter. Therefore, market managers need clear advice and guidance on the development of hygiene programmes that are suitable for use in livestock markets.

中文翻译：

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爱尔兰养牛场中洗涤和消毒的功效。

背景技术很少有研究报道在爱尔兰的牛市中使用的洗涤和消毒方法的有效性。由于可能引入疾病，因此将牛购买到受者牛群中会带来很高的生物安全风险。在爱尔兰，牲畜市场是牛向新畜群转移的重要中介。因此，疾病控制策略需要考虑与牲畜通过市场转移相关的疾病风险。一些牛也直接从市场转移到屠宰场屠宰。利用市场上的洗涤和消毒来减少市场上的粪便污染，从而降低疾病在动物中传播的风险以及屠宰时car体污染。这项研究的主要目的是评估爱尔兰市场上标准的洗涤和消毒技术在减少内部结构上的细菌污染方面的功效。菌落形成单位（CFU）的总存活数（TVC）被用作细菌污染的指标，其中可能包括公共和动物健康问题的病原体。四百七十九个样本主要来自笔楼，每个样本都列出了TVC。结果清洗和消毒有效地减少了市场握笔的地板和金属条上的TVC，但残留的污染物仍然存在。仅清洗市场用钢笔（不消毒），然后在每批牛之间休息一会（6.5天），与减少消毒后的清洗和缩短休息时间（5.5天）一样，有效减少TVCs。结论市场是潜在的微生物污染源，由于牲畜通过市场进入新的畜群，以及牲畜的car体污染直接转移到屠宰场，因此增加了疾病传播的风险。因此，市场经理在制定适用于畜牧市场的卫生计划时需要明确的建议和指导。