Zika virus was discovered ∼70 years ago in Uganda and maintained a low profile as a human disease agent in Africa and Asia. Only recently has it caused explosive outbreaks in previously unaffected regions, first in Oceania and then in the Americas since 2015. Of special concern is the newly identified link between congenital malformations (especially microcephaly) and Zika virus infections during pregnancy. At present, it is unclear whether Zika virus changed its pathogenicity or whether the huge number of infections allowed the recognition of a previously cryptic pathogenic property. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent data on the molecular antigenic structure of Zika virus in the context of antibody-mediated neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, a phenomenon that has been implicated in the development of severe disease caused by the related dengue viruses. Emphasis is given to epitopes of antibodies that potently neutralize Zika virus and also to epitopes that provide antigenic links to other important human-pathogenic flaviviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. The antigenic cross talk between Zika and dengue viruses appears to be of special importance, since they cocirculate in many regions of endemicity and sequential infections are likely to occur frequently. New insights into the molecular antigenic structure of Zika virus and flaviviruses in general have provided the foundation for great progress made in developing Zika virus vaccines and antibodies for passive immunization.

中文翻译：

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寨卡病毒的抗原结构及其与其他黄病毒的关系：对感染和免疫预防的影响。

寨卡病毒是在70年前在乌干达发现的，在非洲和亚洲作为人类疾病的传播者一直保持低调。直到最近，它才在先前未受影响的地区引起爆炸性爆发，首先是在大洋洲，然后是2015年以来的美洲。特别令人关注的是，新发现的先天性畸形（尤其是小头畸形）与怀孕期间的寨卡病毒感染之间存在联系。目前，尚不清楚寨卡病毒是否改变了其致病性，或者大量感染是否允许人们识别以前的致病性。这篇综述的目的是在抗体介导的中和作用和感染的抗体依赖性增强作用（ADE）的背景下讨论寨卡病毒分子抗原结构的最新数据，一种与相关登革热病毒引起的严重疾病发展有关的现象。重点关注有效中和寨卡病毒的抗体的表位，以及提供与其他重要的人类致病性黄病毒（如登革热，黄热病，西尼罗河，日本脑炎和壁虱传播的脑炎病毒）抗原连接的表位。寨卡病毒和登革热病毒之间的抗原性串扰似乎特别重要，因为它们在地方性流行的许多地区共同流行，而且顺序感染很可能经常发生。通常，对寨卡病毒和黄病毒的分子抗原结构的新见解为开发用于被动免疫的寨卡病毒疫苗和抗体方面取得的巨大进展奠定了基础。