To effectively mitigate antimicrobial resistance in the agricultural ecosystem, there is an increasing pressure to reduce and eliminate the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in food animals. However, limiting antibiotic use could compromise animal production efficiency and health. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Increasing evidence has shown that the growth-promoting effect of AGPs was highly correlated with the reduced activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an intestinal bacterial enzyme that has a negative impact on host fat digestion and energy harvest; consistent with this finding, the population ofLactobacillusspecies, the major intestinal BSH-producer, was significantly reduced in response to AGP use. Thus, BSH is a key mechanistic microbiome target for developing novel alternatives to AGPs. Despite recent significant progress in the characterization of diverse BSH enzymes, research on BSH is still in its infancy. This review is focused on the function of BSH and its significant impacts on host physiology in human beings, laboratory animals and food animals. The gaps in BSH-based translational microbiome research for enhanced animal health are also identified and discussed.

中文翻译：

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细菌胆汁盐水解酶：增强动物健康的肠道微生物组目标

为了有效减轻农业生态系统中的抗菌素耐药性，减少和消除饲料中使用抗生素以促进食用动物生长和预防疾病的压力越来越大。然而，限制抗生素的使用可能会损害动物生产效率和健康。因此，迫切需要开发抗生素生长促进剂（AGP）的有效替代品。越来越多的证据表明，AGP 的生长促进作用与胆汁盐水解酶 (BSH) 的活性降低高度相关，BSH 是一种对宿主脂肪消化和能量收集有负面影响的肠道细菌酶；与这一发现一致，人口乳酸杆菌物种，主要肠道 BSH 生产者，响应 AGP 的使用显着减少。因此，BSH 是开发新的 AGP 替代品的关键机制微生物组目标。尽管最近在多种 BSH 酶的表征方面取得了重大进展，但对 BSH 的研究仍处于起步阶段。这篇综述的重点是 BSH 的功能及其对人类、实验动物和食用动物的宿主生理学的重大影响。还确定并讨论了基于 BSH 的转化微生物组研究在增强动物健康方面的差距。