A common type of transgression in early childhood involves creating inconvenience, for instance by spilling, playing with breakable objects, or otherwise interfering with people's ongoing activities. Despite the prevalence of such pragmatic transgressions, little is known about children's conceptions of norms prohibiting these acts. The present study investigated whether 3-to 5-year-olds (N = 58) see pragmatic norms as distinct from first-order moral (welfare and rights of others), prudential (welfare of agent), and social conventional norms. Children judged all four types of transgressions to be wrong. Justifications for pragmatic transgressions focused on inconvenience to the transgressor, inconvenience to others, or material disorder. Children rated pragmatic and conventional transgressions as less serious than moral and prudential transgressions. Latent Class Analysis provided further support for the conclusion that preschoolers see pragmatic norms as a category distinct from first-order moral, prudential, and social conventional norms.

中文翻译：

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为什么弄得一团糟是不好的？学龄前儿童的语用规范概念

儿童早期的一种常见违规行为包括造成不便，例如泼洒、玩易碎物品或以其他方式干扰人们正在进行的活动。尽管这种务实的违规行为盛行，但人们对禁止这些行为的规范概念知之甚少。本研究调查了 3 至 5 岁儿童（N = 58）是否将实用规范视为与一级道德（他人的福利和权利）、审慎（代理人的福利）和社会传统规范不同的规范。孩子们判断所有四种类型的违法行为都是错误的。语用违规的理由集中在给违规者带来不便、给他人带来不便或物质混乱上。儿童认为务实和传统的违规行为不如道德和审慎的违规行为严重。潜在类别分析进一步支持了以下结论：学龄前儿童将语用规范视为不同于一阶道德、审慎和社会常规规范的类别。