Despite drug formulation improving circulation times and targeting, efficacy is stymied by inadequate penetration into and retention within target tissues. This review highlights the barriers restricting delivery to the connective tissue interstitium, lymphatics, and lymph nodes as well as advances in engineering drug carriers to overcome these delivery challenges. Three-dimensional tissue physiology is discussed in the context of providing material design principles for delivery to these tissues; in particular the influence of interstitial and lymphatic flows as well as differential permeabilities of the blood and lymphatic capillaries. Key examples of materials with different characteristics developed to overcome these transport barriers are discussed as well as potential areas for further development.

中文翻译：

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克服针对间质，淋巴和淋巴结靶向药物递送的运输障碍。

尽管药物制剂改善了循环时间和靶向性，但由于不能充分渗透到靶组织中并保留在靶组织中而阻碍了疗效。这篇综述强调了限制向结缔组织间质，淋巴管和淋巴结递送的障碍，以及克服这些递送挑战的工程药物载体的进展。在提供用于传递到这些组织的材料设计原理的背景下讨论了三维组织生理学。尤其是间质和淋巴流动以及血液和淋巴毛细血管渗透率差异的影响。讨论了为克服这些运输障碍而开发的具有不同特性的材料的关键示例，以及进一步开发的潜在领域。