Ischemic limb diseases are induced by different obstructions of peripheral arteries. These obstructions result in insufficient nutrient and oxygen supplies to the extremities, thereby leading to severe tissue damage that is in turn related to severe morbidities and mortalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from various sources. These cells are multipotent with respect to differentiation and are also characterized by migration, immune suppression, and secretion of paracrine factors. Mesenchymal stem cells have been proposed to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of ischemic limb diseases. In preclinical experiments, injection of single MSCs has been shown to increase angiogenesis and blood flow in ischemic hindlimb animal models; several molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis have also been elucidated. Furthermore, modified strategies have been developed for enhancing angiogenesis and the efficacy of MSCs. These strategies have demonstrated significant effects in pre-clinical studies. In clinical trials, MSCs have shown significant effects in the treatment of ischemic limb diseases. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic properties of human MSCs and the modified methods for enhancing angiogenesis in pre-clinical experiments. We also discuss the clinical applications of MSCs for treating limb ischemia.

中文翻译：

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人间充质干细胞治疗缺血性肢体疾病的治疗潜力。

缺血性肢体疾病是由周围动脉的不同阻塞引起的。这些障碍导致四肢的营养和氧气供应不足，从而导致严重的组织损伤，继而与严重的发病率和死亡率相关。间充质干细胞（MSCs）已从各种来源中分离出来。这些细胞在分化方面是多能的，并且还具有迁移，免疫抑制和旁分泌因子分泌的特征。已经提出间充质干细胞具有治疗缺血性肢体疾病的治疗潜力。在临床前实验中，单只MSC的注射已显示出可增加缺血后肢动物模型中的血管生成和血流量。还阐明了血管生成的几种分子机制。此外，已经开发了改进的策略来增强血管生成和MSC的功效。这些策略已在临床前研究中显示出显著作用。在临床试验中，MSC在缺血性肢体疾病的治疗中已显示出显着效果。在这篇综述中，我们专注于人间充质干细胞的治疗特性以及在临床前实验中增强血管生成的改良方法。我们还将讨论MSC在治疗肢体缺血中的临床应用。我们将重点放在人间充质干细胞的治疗特性以及在临床前实验中增强血管生成的改良方法。我们还将讨论MSC在治疗肢体缺血中的临床应用。我们将重点放在人间充质干细胞的治疗特性以及在临床前实验中增强血管生成的改良方法。我们还将讨论MSC在治疗肢体缺血中的临床应用。