Suggestions that novel, non‐food, dedicated biomass crops used to produce bioenergy may provide opportunities to diversify and reinstate biodiversity in intensively managed farmland have not yet been fully tested at the landscape scale. Using two of the largest, currently available landscape‐scale biodiversity data sets from arable and biomass bioenergy crops, we take a taxonomic and functional trait approach to quantify and contrast the consequences for biodiversity indicators of adopting dedicated biomass crops on land previously cultivated under annual, rotational arable cropping. The abundance and community compositions of biodiversity indicators in fields of break and cereal crops changed when planted with the dedicated biomass crops, miscanthus and short rotation coppiced (SRC) willow. Weed biomass was consistently greater in the two dedicated biomass crops than in cereals, and invertebrate abundance was similarly consistently higher than in break crops. Using canonical variates analysis, we identified distinct plant and invertebrate taxa and trait‐based communities in miscanthus and SRC willows, whereas break and cereal crops tended to form a single, composite community. Seedbanks were shown to reflect the longer term effects of crop management. Our study suggests that miscanthus and SRC willows, and the management associated with perennial cropping, would support significant amounts of biodiversity when compared with annual arable crops. We recommend the strategic planting of these perennial, dedicated biomass crops in arable farmland to increase landscape heterogeneity and enhance ecosystem function, and simultaneously work towards striking a balance between energy and food security.

中文翻译：

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专用的生物量农作物可以增强耕地景观中的生物多样性。

有人提出，在集约化管理的农田中，用于生产生物能源的新颖，非食用，专用的生物量农作物可能提供使生物多样性多样化和恢复的机会，但尚未在景观规模上进行全面测试。我们采用了两个最大的，目前可利用的耕地和生物质能源作物的景观生物多样性数据集，采用分类学和功能性状方法来量化和对比在以前每年种植的土地上采用专用生物量作物对生物多样性指标的影响，轮作耕作。种植专用的生物量作物，桔梗和短轮作（SRC）柳树时，断裂和谷物作物田间生物多样性指标的丰度和群落组成发生变化。在两种专用生物量作物中，杂草生物量始终高于谷物，而无脊椎动物的丰度相似地始终高于中断作物。通过典型的变量分析，我们在猕猴桃和SRC柳树中发现了不同的植物和无脊椎动物类群以及基于性状的群落，而杂粮和谷类作物则倾向于形成一个单一的复合群落。种子库显示出可反映作物管理的长期影响。我们的研究表明，与一年生可耕作物相比，水仙和SRC杨柳以及与多年生作物相关的管理将支持大量的生物多样性。我们建议对这些多年生专用生物量作物进行战略性种植，以增加景观异质性并增强生态系统功能，