PURPOSE Visual-world eyetracking is increasingly used to investigate online language processing in normal and language impaired listeners. Tracking changes in eye movements over time also may be useful for indexing language recovery in those with language impairments. Therefore, it is critical to determine the test-retest reliability of results obtained using this method. METHODS Unimpaired young adults and people with aphasia took part in two eyetracking sessions spaced about one week apart. In each session, participants completed a sentence-picture matching task in which they listened to active and passive sentences (e.g., The [N1+Auxwoman was] [Vvisiting/visited] [NP/PP2(by) the man]) and selected between two pictures with reversed thematic roles. We used intraclass correlations (ICCs) to examine the test-retest reliability of response measures (accuracy, reaction time (RT)) and online eye movements (i.e., the likelihood of fixating the target picture in each region of the sentence) in each participant group. RESULTS In the unimpaired adults, accuracy was at ceiling (thus ICCs were not computed), with moderate ICCs for RT (i.e., 0.4 - 0.58) for passive sentences and low (<0.4) for actives. In individuals with aphasia, test-retest reliability was strong (0.590.75) for RT for both sentence types. Similarly, for the unimpaired listeners, reliability of eye movements was moderate for passive sentences (NP/PP2 region) and low in all regions for active sentences. But, for the aphasic participant group, eye movement reliability was excellent for passive sentences (in the first second after sentence end) and strong for active sentences (V and NP/PP2 regions). CONCLUSION Results indicated moderate-to-low reliability for unimpaired listeners; however, reliable eye movement patterns were detected for processes specific to passive sentences (e.g., thematic reanalysis). In contrast, individuals with aphasia exhibited strong and stable performance across sentence types in response measures and online eye movements. These findings indicate that visual-world eyetracking provides a reliable measure of online sentence comprehension, and thus may be useful for investigating sentence processing changes over time.

中文翻译：

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跟踪句子理解：失语症患者和未受损成年人的重测可靠性


目的视觉世界眼球追踪越来越多地用于研究正常和语言障碍听众的在线语言处理。跟踪眼球运动随时间的变化也可能有助于索引有语言障碍的人的语言恢复情况。因此，确定使用该方法获得的结果的重测可靠性至关重要。方法 健康状况良好的年轻人和失语症患者参加了两次眼动追踪课程，每次间隔约一周。在每个会话中，参与者完成一个句子-图片匹配任务，其中他们听主动和被动句子（例如，[N1+Auxwoman was] [Vvisiting/visited] [NP/PP2(by) the man]）并在以下选项之间进行选择两张主题角色颠倒的图片。我们使用组内相关性（ICC）来检查每个参与者的反应测量（准确性、反应时间（RT））和在线眼球运动（即在句子的每个区域中固定目标图片的可能性）的重测可靠性。团体。结果在未受损的成年人中，准确度处于最高水平（因此未计算 ICC），被动句的 RT ICC 为中等（即 0.4 - 0.58），主动句的准确度较低（<0.4）。在失语症患者中，两种句子类型的 RT 重测信度都很高 (0.590.75)。同样，对于未受损的听众来说，被动句子（NP/PP2 区域）的眼球运动可靠性为中等，而主动句子的所有区域的眼球运动可靠性均较低。但是，对于失语症参与者组来说，被动句（句子结束后的第一秒）的眼动可靠性非常好，主动句（V 和 NP/PP2 区域）的眼动可靠性很强。 结论 结果表明，对于未受影响的听众来说，可靠性为中等到低；然而，针对被动句的特定过程（例如，主题重新分析），检测到了可靠的眼动模式。相比之下，失语症患者在不同句子类型的反应测量和在线眼球运动方面表现出强大而稳定的表现。这些发现表明，视觉世界眼球追踪提供了在线句子理解的可靠衡量标准，因此可能有助于调查句子处理随时间的变化。