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Discrete Mesh Approach in Morphogenesis Modelling: the Example of Gastrulation
Acta Biotheoretica ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2016-11-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s10441-016-9301-4
J Demongeot 1 , A Lontos 2 , E Promayon 2
Affiliation  

Morphogenesis is a general concept in biology including all the processes which generate tissue shapes and cellular organizations in a living organism. Many hybrid formalizations (i.e., with both discrete and continuous parts) have been proposed for modelling morphogenesis in embryonic or adult animals, like gastrulation. We propose first to study the ventral furrow invagination as the initial step of gastrulation, early stage of embryogenesis. We focus on the study of the connection between the apical constriction of the ventral cells and the initiation of the invagination. For that, we have created a 3D biomechanical model of the embryo of the Drosophila melanogaster based on the finite element method. Each cell is modelled by an elastic hexahedron contour and is firmly attached to its neighbouring cells. A uniform initial distribution of elastic and contractile forces is applied to cells along the model. Numerical simulations show that invagination starts at ventral curved extremities of the embryo and then propagates to the ventral medial layer. Then, this observation already made in some experiments can be attributed uniquely to the specific shape of the embryo and we provide mechanical evidence to support it. Results of the simulations of the “pill-shaped” geometry of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo are compared with those of a spherical geometry corresponding to the Xenopus lævis embryo. Eventually, we propose to study the influence of cell proliferation on the end of the process of invagination represented by the closure of the ventral furrow.

中文翻译:

形态发生建模中的离散网格方法:以原肠胚形成为例

形态发生是生物学中的一个通用概念,包括在活生物体中产生组织形状和细胞组织的所有过程。许多混合形式化(即,具有离散和连续部分)已被提议用于模拟胚胎或成年动物的形态发生,如原肠胚形成。我们建议首先研究腹沟内陷作为原肠胚形成的初始步骤,胚胎发生的早期阶段。我们专注于研究腹侧细胞的顶端收缩与内陷开始之间的联系。为此,我们基于有限元方法创建了黑腹果蝇胚胎的 3D 生物力学模型。每个单元都由弹性六面体轮廓建模,并牢固地连接到其相邻单元。沿模型向细胞施加弹性和收缩力的均匀初始分布。数值模拟表明,内陷从胚胎的腹侧弯曲末端开始,然后传播到腹侧内侧层。然后,在一些实验中已经进行的这种观察可以独特地归因于胚胎的特定形状,我们提供了机械证据来支持它。将黑腹果蝇胚胎“药丸状”几何形状的模拟结果与对应于非洲爪蟾胚胎的球形几何形状的模拟结果进行比较。最后,我们建议研究细胞增殖对以腹沟闭合为代表的内陷过程结束的影响。数值模拟表明,内陷从胚胎的腹侧弯曲末端开始,然后传播到腹侧内侧层。然后,在一些实验中已经进行的这种观察可以独特地归因于胚胎的特定形状,我们提供了机械证据来支持它。将黑腹果蝇胚胎“药丸状”几何形状的模拟结果与对应于非洲爪蟾胚胎的球形几何形状的模拟结果进行比较。最后,我们建议研究细胞增殖对以腹沟闭合为代表的内陷过程结束的影响。数值模拟表明,内陷从胚胎的腹侧弯曲末端开始,然后传播到腹侧内侧层。然后,在一些实验中已经进行的这种观察可以独特地归因于胚胎的特定形状,我们提供了机械证据来支持它。将黑腹果蝇胚胎“药丸状”几何形状的模拟结果与对应于非洲爪蟾胚胎的球形几何形状的模拟结果进行比较。最后,我们建议研究细胞增殖对以腹沟闭合为代表的内陷过程结束的影响。在一些实验中已经进行的这种观察可以独特地归因于胚胎的特定形状,我们提供了机械证据来支持它。将黑腹果蝇胚胎“药丸状”几何形状的模拟结果与对应于非洲爪蟾胚胎的球形几何形状的模拟结果进行比较。最后,我们建议研究细胞增殖对以腹沟闭合为代表的内陷过程结束的影响。在一些实验中已经进行的这种观察可以独特地归因于胚胎的特定形状,我们提供了机械证据来支持它。将黑腹果蝇胚胎“药丸状”几何形状的模拟结果与对应于非洲爪蟾胚胎的球形几何形状的模拟结果进行比较。最后,我们建议研究细胞增殖对以腹沟闭合为代表的内陷过程结束的影响。
更新日期:2016-11-16
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