In recent years, archaeal diversity surveys have received increasing attention. Brazil is a country known for its natural diversity and variety of biomes, which makes it an interesting sampling site for such studies. However, archaeal communities in natural and impacted Brazilian environments have only recently been investigated. In this review, based on a search on the PubMed database on the last week of April 2016, we present and discuss the results obtained in the 51 studies retrieved, focusing on archaeal communities in water, sediments, and soils of different Brazilian environments. We concluded that, in spite of its vast territory and biomes, the number of publications focusing on archaeal detection and/or characterization in Brazil is still incipient, indicating that these environments still represent a great potential to be explored.

中文翻译：

---

巴西自然和受影响环境中的古细菌。

近年来，古细菌多样性调查受到越来越多的关注。巴西是一个以自然多样性和生物群落多样性而闻名的国家，这使其成为进行此类研究的一个有趣的采样地点。但是，直到最近才对自然和受灾巴西环境中的古细菌群落进行了调查。在本综述中，基于2016年4月最后一周在PubMed数据库上的搜索，我们介绍并讨论了从51份检索到的研究中获得的结果，重点研究了巴西不同环境的水，沉积物和土壤中的古细菌群落。我们得出的结论是，尽管巴西地域辽阔，生物群落繁多，但有关巴西古细菌检测和/或特征鉴定的出版物仍处于起步阶段，这表明这些环境仍具有巨大的开发潜力。