Low-dimensional materials exhibit many exceptional properties and functionalities which can be efficiently tuned by externally applied force or fields. Here we review the current status of research on tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of low-dimensional carbon, boron nitride, metal-dichalcogenides, phosphorene nanomaterials by applied engineering strain, external electric field and interaction with substrates, etc, with particular focus on the progress of computational methods and studies. We highlight the similarities and differences of the property modulation among one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials. Recent breakthroughs in experimental demonstration of the tunable functionalities in typical nanostructures are also presented. Finally, prospective and challenges for applying the tunable properties into functional devices are discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:324-350. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1251 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.

中文翻译：

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二维材料及其一维导数的可调电子和磁性。

低尺寸材料具有许多出色的特性和功能，可以通过外部施加的力或场来有效地对其进行调整。在这里，我们综述了通过应用工程应变，外部电场以及与基体的相互作用等来调节低维碳，氮化硼，金属二卤化物，磷纳米材料的电子和磁性能的研究现状，特别着重于计算方法和研究的进展。我们强调一维和二维纳米材料之间的性质调制的异同。还介绍了典型纳米结构中可调功能的实验演示的最新突破。最后，讨论了将可调属性应用于功能设备的前景和挑战。电线计算科学2016，6：324-350。doi：10.1002 / wcms.1251有关本文的更多资源，请访问WIREs网站。利益冲突作者声明本文没有利益冲突。