The beneficial effects of blue environments have been well documented; however, we do not know how marine litter might modify these effects. Three studies adopted a picture-rating task to examine the influence of litter on preference, perceived restorative quality, and psychological impacts. Photographs varied the presence of marine litter (Study 1) and the type of litter (Studies 2 and 3). The influence of tide and the role of connectedness were also explored. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, it was shown that litter can undermine the psychological benefits that the coast ordinarily provides, thus demonstrating that, in addition to environmental costs of marine litter, there are also costs to people. Litter stemming from the public had the most negative impact. This research extends our understanding of the psychological benefits from natural coastal environments and the threats to these benefits from abundant and increasing marine litter.

中文翻译：

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可能破坏沿海环境心理益处的因素


蓝色环境的有益影响已得到充分记录；然而，我们不知道海洋垃圾如何改变这些影响。三项研究采用图片评级任务来检验乱扔垃圾对偏好、感知恢复质量和心理影响的影响。照片显示了海洋垃圾的存在情况（研究 1）和垃圾类型（研究 2 和 3）。还探讨了潮汐的影响和连通性的作用。使用定量和定性方法，研究结果表明，垃圾会破坏海岸通常提供的心理益处，从而表明，除了海洋垃圾的环境成本外，还给人类带来成本。公众乱扔垃圾的负面影响最大。这项研究扩展了我们对自然沿海环境的心理益处以及丰富且不断增加的海洋垃圾对这些益处的威胁的理解。