The antibody response plays a key role in protection against viral infections. While antiviral antibodies may reduce the viral burden via several mechanisms, the ability to directly inhibit (neutralize) infection of cells has been extensively studied. Eliciting a neutralizing-antibody response is a goal of many vaccine development programs and commonly correlates with protection from disease. Considerable insights into the mechanisms of neutralization have been gained from studies of monoclonal antibodies, yet the individual contributions and dynamics of the repertoire of circulating antibody specificities elicited by infection and vaccination are poorly understood on the functional and molecular levels. Neutralizing antibodies with the most protective functionalities may be a rare component of a polyclonal, pathogen-specific antibody response, further complicating efforts to identify the elements of a protective immune response. This review discusses advances in deconstructing polyclonal antibody responses to flavivirus infection or vaccination. Our discussions draw comparisons to HIV-1, a virus with a distinct structure and replication cycle for which the antibody response has been extensively investigated. Progress toward deconstructing and understanding the components of polyclonal antibody responses identifies new targets and challenges for vaccination strategies.

中文翻译：

---

解构抗病毒中和抗体反应：对疫苗开发和免疫的影响。

抗体反应在预防病毒感染中起关键作用。尽管抗病毒抗体可以通过几种机制减轻病毒负荷，但是已经广泛研究了直接抑制（中和）细胞感染的能力。激发中和抗体反应是许多疫苗开发计划的目标，通常与疾病防护相关。从单克隆抗体的研究中已经获得了对中和机理的相当多的见识，但是在功能和分子水平上对由感染和疫苗接种引起的循环抗体特异性库的个体贡献和动态却知之甚少。具有最强保护功能的中和抗体可能是多克隆病原体特异性抗体反应的罕见组成部分，进一步使鉴定保护性免疫应答要素的工作复杂化。这篇综述讨论了在解构对黄病毒感染或疫苗接种的多克隆抗体反应方面的进展。我们的讨论与HIV-1（一种具有独特结构和复制周期的病毒）进行了比较，对此抗体的反应已进行了广泛研究。解构和了解多克隆抗体反应成分的进展确定了疫苗接种策略的新目标和挑战。一种具有独特结构和复制周期的病毒，已对其抗体反应进行了广泛研究。解构和了解多克隆抗体反应成分的进展确定了疫苗接种策略的新目标和挑战。一种具有独特结构和复制周期的病毒，已对其抗体反应进行了广泛研究。解构和了解多克隆抗体反应成分的进展确定了疫苗接种策略的新目标和挑战。