Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, causing changes in memory, thinking, and other dysfunction of brain functions. More and more people are suffering from the disease. Early neuroimaging techniques of AD are needed to develop. This review provides a preliminary summary of the various neuroimaging techniques that have been explored for in vivo imaging of AD. Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, such as functional MR imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI, give opportunities to display not only anatomy and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe, but also at microstructural alterations or perfusion disturbance within the AD lesions. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become the subject of intense research for the diagnosis and facilitation of drug development of AD in both animal models and human trials due to its non-invasive and translational characteristic. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and amyloid PET are applied in clinics and research departments. Amyloid beta (Aβ) imaging using PET has been recognized as one of the most important methods for the early diagnosis of AD, and numerous candidate compounds have been tested for Aβ imaging. Besides in vivo imaging method, a lot of ex vivo modalities are being used in the AD researches. Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, neuroimaging of metals, and several metal bioimaging methods are also mentioned here. More and more multimodality and multiparametric neuroimaging techniques should improve our understanding of brain function and open new insights into the pathophysiology of AD. We expect exciting results will emerge from new neuroimaging applications that will provide scientific and medical benefits.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默氏病的定量多峰多参数成像。

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，会引起记忆，思维和其他脑功能障碍的变化。越来越多的人患有这种疾病。需要开发AD的早期神经影像技术。这篇综述提供了已被探索用于AD的体内成像的各种神经成像技术的初步总结。磁共振（MR）技术的最新进展，例如功能性MR成像（fMRI）和扩散MRI，不仅提供了显示内侧颞叶的解剖结构和萎缩的机会，而且还展示了AD病变内的微结构改变或灌注障碍。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像由于其非侵入性和平移特性，已成为动物模型和人体试验中诊断和促进AD药物开发的一项广泛研究的主题。氟代葡萄糖（FDG）PET和淀粉样蛋白PET在临床和研究部门中得到了应用。使用PET进行淀粉样β（Aβ）成像已被公认为是AD早期诊断的最重要方法之一，并且已经测试了许多候选化合物进行Aβ成像。除了体内成像方法外，AD研究中还使用了许多体外方法。这里还提到了多光子激光扫描显微镜，金属的神经成像以及几种金属生物成像方法。越来越多的多模态和多参数神经影像学技术应增进我们对脑功能的理解，并为AD的病理生理学开辟新的见解。我们预计，新的神经影像应用将带来令人兴奋的结果，这些新影像将提供科学和医学上的益处。