Dosimetric models are essential tools to refine inhalation risk assessments based on local respiratory effects. Dosimetric adjustments to account for differences in aerosol particle size and respiratory tract deposition and/or clearance among rodents, workers, and the general public can be applied to experimentally- and epidemiologically-determined points of departure (PODs) to calculate size-selected (e.g., PM10, inhalable aerosol fraction, respirable aerosol fraction) equivalent concentrations (e.g., HEC or Human Equivalent Concentration; REC or Rodent Equivalent Concentration). A modified POD (e.g., HEC) can then feed into existing frameworks for the derivation of occupational or ambient air concentration limits or reference concentrations. HECs that are expressed in terms of aerosol particle sizes experienced by humans but are derived from animal studies allow proper comparison of exposure levels and associated health effects in animals and humans. This can inform differences in responsiveness between animals and humans, based on the same deposited or retained doses and can also allow the use of both data sources in an integrated weight of evidence approach for hazard and risk assessment purposes. Whenever possible, default values should be replaced by substance-specific and target population-specific parameters. Assumptions and sources of uncertainty need to be clearly reported.

中文翻译：

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将剂量学纳入环境或工作场所空气参考浓度的推导中：一种概念方法

剂量学模型是根据局部呼吸效应改进吸入风险评估的重要工具。剂量学调整以解释啮齿动物、工人和公众之间气溶胶粒径和呼吸道沉积和/或清除的差异，可应用于实验和流行病学确定的出发点 (POD) 以计算尺寸选择（例如、PM10、可吸入气溶胶分数、可呼吸气溶胶分数）等效浓度（例如，HEC 或人体等效浓度；REC 或啮齿动物等效浓度）。然后可以将修改后的 POD（例如 HEC）输入到现有框架中，用于推导职业或环境空气浓度限值或参考浓度。HEC 以人类经历的气溶胶颗粒大小表示，但源自动物研究，允许对动物和人类的暴露水平和相关的健康影响进行适当的比较。基于相同的沉积或保留剂量，这可以告知动物和人类之间反应性的差异，并且还可以允许在综合证据权重方法中使用两种数据源进行危害和风险评估。只要有可能，默认值应替换为特定物质和特定目标人群的参数。需要明确报告不确定性的假设和来源。基于相同的沉积或保留剂量，还可以允许在综合证据权重方法中使用两种数据源，以进行危害和风险评估。只要有可能，默认值应替换为特定物质和特定目标人群的参数。需要明确报告不确定性的假设和来源。基于相同的沉积或保留剂量，还可以允许在综合证据权重方法中使用两种数据源，以进行危害和风险评估。只要有可能，默认值应替换为特定物质和特定目标人群的参数。需要明确报告不确定性的假设和来源。