Following the increasing availability of DNA‐sequenced data, the genetic structure of populations can now be inferred and studied in unprecedented detail. Across social science, this innovation is shaping new bio‐social research agendas, attracting substantial investment in the collection of genetic, biological and social data for large population samples. Yet genetic samples are special because the precise populations that they represent are uncertain and ill‐defined. Unlike most social surveys, a genetic sample's representativeness of the population cannot be established by conventional procedures of statistical inference, and the implications for population‐wide generalisations about bio‐social phenomena are little understood. In this paper, we seek to address these problems by linking surname data to a censored and geographically uneven sample of DNA scans, collected for the People of the British Isles study. Based on a combination of global and local spatial correspondence measures, we identify eight regions in Great Britain that are most likely to represent the geography of genetic structure of Great Britain's long‐settled population. We discuss the implications of this regionalisation for bio‐social investigations. We conclude that, as the often highly selective collection of DNA and biomarkers becomes a more common practice, geography is crucial to understanding variation in genetic information within diverse populations.

中文翻译：

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英国的地区姓氏和遗传结构

随着 DNA 测序数据可用性的增加，现在可以以前所未有的细节推断和研究种群的遗传结构。在整个社会科学领域，这一创新正在塑造新的生物社会研究议程，吸引了大量投资以收集大量人口样本的遗传、生物和社会数据。然而，基因样本是特殊的，因为它们所代表的精确种群是不确定和不明确的。与大多数社会调查不同，遗传样本对人口的代表性不能通过传统的统计推断程序来确定，并且对生物社会现象的人口范围概括的影响知之甚少。在本文中，我们试图通过将姓氏数据与为不列颠群岛人民研究收集的经过审查且地理上不均匀的 DNA 扫描样本联系起来来解决这些问题。基于全球和局部空间对应措施的组合，我们确定了英国最有可能代表英国长期定居人口遗传结构地理的八个地区。我们讨论了这种区域化对生物社会调查的影响。我们得出的结论是，随着 DNA 和生物标志物的高度选择性收集变得越来越普遍，地理对于理解不同人群中遗传信息的变化至关重要。我们确定了英国最有可能代表英国长期定居人口遗传结构地理的八个地区。我们讨论了这种区域化对生物社会调查的影响。我们得出的结论是，随着 DNA 和生物标志物的高度选择性收集变得越来越普遍，地理对于理解不同人群中遗传信息的变化至关重要。我们确定了英国最有可能代表英国长期定居人口遗传结构地理的八个地区。我们讨论了这种区域化对生物社会调查的影响。我们得出的结论是，随着 DNA 和生物标志物的高度选择性收集变得越来越普遍，地理对于理解不同人群中遗传信息的变化至关重要。